इस उत्तर पत्र को देखने से पहले प्रश्न पत्र को यहाँ देखें। 

1. (i) (घ) मानवीय गुणों के विकास की
(ii) (ख) मन की दृढ़ता
(iii) (ग) कष्टों से जूझकर
(iv) (ग) सबल अतिसबल बन जाता है
(v) (ग) मन और शरीर की दृढ़ता

2. (i) (घ) चरित्र-निर्माण करना
(ii) (ग) प्रिया के रूप में
(iii) (घ) गार्गी तथा अपाला
(iv) (ग) मर्यादा की रक्षा के लिए
(v) (ग) प्रत्यक्ष

3. (i) (ख) भुजाओं के बल से
(ii) (ग) निरूद्यमी
(iii) (क) उद्यम और परिश्रम से
(iv) (ख) दूसरों का हिस्सा दबाकर रखते हैं
(v) (ख) उद्यम और परिश्रम का महत्व बताना

4. (i) (ख) छोटे-छोटे स्वार्थों के लिए
(ii) (ख) विध्न-बाधाओं से
(iii) (घ) महिमावान् है
(iv) (ग) सहायता के लिए विदेशियों के सामने हाथ नहीं फैलाएँगे
(v) (ख) गर्हित

5. (क) (i) इतना मधुर - विशेषण पदबंध
(ii) पशु-पर्व का आयोजन - संज्ञा पदबंध

(ख)  विश्वसंगठन - विश्व रूपी संगठन (कर्मधारय समास)

(ग) सुन्दर हैं जो नयन - सुनयन (कर्मधारय समास)

6. (क) (i) भीड़ - संज्ञा, जातिवाचक संज्ञा, स्त्रीलिंग, बहुवचन, कर्ता कारक, 'होने' की क्रिया कर्ता।
(ii) कर रहे थे - क्रिया, सकर्मक क्रिया, पुल्लिंग, बहुवचन, 'कर' धातु, भूतकाल
(iii) धीरे-धीरे - अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण, रीतिवाचक, क्रियाविशेषण, 'बढ़ रहे थे' क्रिया का विशेषण

(ख) पुष्पोद्यान - पुष्प + उद्यान

7. (क) (i) मिश्र वाक्य
(ii) आज जब झंडा फहराया जाएगा, तब प्रतिज्ञा पढ़ी जाएगी।
(iii) वे प्रतियोगिता में भाग लेने गए और बाहर रोक लिए गए।

8. (क) (i) हमारा लक्ष्य देश की चहुँमुखी प्रगति होना चाहिए।
(ii) यहां केवल दो पुस्तकें रखीं हैं।
(iii) उसने आज घर में क्या किया?

(ख) अत्यधिक - अति अधिक

9. (i) हाथ फैलाना - अपने एकमात्र पुत्र की नौकरी लग जाने के लिए उसने देवी के सामने हाथ फैलाए।

(ii) राई का पर्वत करना - उसने खामखाँ छोटी-सी बात को लेकर राई का पर्वत कर दिया।

(iii) जाके पैर न फटी बिवाई सो क्या जाने पीर पराई - वह नेता खुद दो मंजिली मकान में रहता है, और अभी जनता के सामने बड़ी-बड़ी बातें करके सुविधाएँ दिलाने की बात कर रहा है। क्या वह सही में उनका नेतृत्व कर पाएगा? जाके पैर न फटी बिवाई सो क्या जाने पीर पराई!

(iv) हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या? - मोहन जी इस इलाके के प्रसिद्ध डॉक्टर हैं। ऐसा न हुआ है कि उन्होंने किसी का सही इलाज न किया हो। उनके बारे में किसी से भी पूछ लो, आखिर हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या?

10.
(क) जापान के अस्सी फीसदी लोग मनोरुग्न हैं। यह हाल केवल जापान का ही नहीं, बल्कि अन्य विकसित और विकासशील देशों का भी है, जिसका कारण है लोगों के बीच बढ़ती प्रतिस्पर्धा। यहाँ सभी अपने आप- दूसरे से श्रेष्ट दिखाना चाहते हैं। एक महीने का काम एक दिन में निपटाना चाहते हैं। इसके कारण उनके दिमाग का रफ़्तार बढ़ गया है और ऐसा लगता है मानो उनके दिमाग में स्पीड का इंजन लग गया है। जीवन के बढ़ते रफ़्तार के कारण लोग अपना मानसिक संतुलन भुलाते जा रहे हैं। इसके परिणामस्वरूप अधिकाधिक लोग मानसिक रोगों से ग्रस्त होने जा रहे हैं जो आधुनिक युग की देन है।

(ख) ख्यूक्रिन अपनी ऊँगली ऊपर उठाते हुए जोर-जोर से चिल्ला रहा था और किकिया रहे कुत्ते को एक टाँग से पकड़ रहा था। पूछे जाने पर उसने कहा कि वह पेशे से सुनार था। उसका कार्य इसी कारण अत्यंत पेचीदा था। मित्री मित्रिच के काठगोदाम से लकड़ी लेकर उसे कुछ जरुरी काम निपटाने थे कि अचानक उस कुत्ते ने अकारण ही उसकी ऊँगली काट खाई। ऊँगली के घायल होने के स्थिति में वह कई दिन तक काम नहीं कर पाता, जिसके कारण उसका भारी नुकसान होता। उस नुकसान की भरपाई के लिए उसने कुत्ते के मालिक से हरजाने की माँग की। मुआवज़ा पाने के लिए अपनी दलील को और करते हुए कहा कि कानून में कहीं नहीं लिखा है कि आदमखोर जानवर हमें काट खाएँ और हम उन्हें बरदाश्त करते रहें।

11. वज़ीर अली एक देशप्रेमी सैनिक था, जिसका लक्ष्य था अंग्रेज़ों को अपनी भारत-भूमि से समूल उखाड़ फेंकना। उसे अंग्रेज़ों से इतना नफ़रत था कि वह उनमें से किसी का कत्ल तक कर सकता था। उन लोगों के रहन-सहन तथा रीति-रिवाज़ों के प्रति नफ़रत उसके दिल में कूट-कूटकर भरी थी। एक अंग्रेज़ का कत्ल कर देने के बाद वह जंगलों में अपने गिने-चुने कुछ साथियों के साथ रहने लगा। वहीँ अंग्रेज़ सिपाही वज़ीर अली को गिरफ्तार करने के लिए जंगल में डेरा डालते-डालते थक गए थे। ऐसी स्थिति में अंग्रेज़ कर्नल और लेफ्टिनेंट की आँखों में धूल झोंकते हुए वज़ीर अली ने छल से उससे दस कारतूस जिस तरह हासिल किए, वह कानून तथा लेफ्टिनेंट को चौंका देने वाला था। वज़ीर अली की ऐसी वीरता देखकर कर्नल हक्का-बक्का रह गया और उसके मुख से अनायास ही वज़ीर अली के लिए प्रशंसा के शब्द फर पड़े। वज़ीर अली शत्रु के खेमे में घुसकर जिस प्रकार कारतूस लेकर चला गया, उससे उसकी जाँबाजी का परिचय कर्नल को मिल ही गया और वह उसकी वीरता के सामने नतमस्तक हो गया।

12. (i) (ग) बलिदानी सैनिकों की परंपरा बनी रहे
(ii) (घ) बलिदानी सैनिकों के जत्थों को
(iii) (घ) जीत की खुशियाँ
(iv) (ख) देश पर बलिदान की ओर
(v) (ख) वीरों का समुदाय

13. (क) व्यवहारवादी लोग हमेशा सजग रहते हैं क्योंकि वे लाभ-हानि का हिसाब लगाकर ही कदम उठाते हैं। वे जीवन में सफल होना चाहते हैं और अन्यों से आगे रहना चाहते हैं।

(ख) आदर्शवादी लोग खुद ऊपर चढ़ते हैं और दूसरों को भी ऊपर ले जाते हैं। समाज को शाश्वत मूल्यों की पूँजी तो आदर्शवादी लोगों की ही देन है।

(ग) समाज को पतन की ओर व्यवहारवादी लोग ही गिराते हैं। उनका मुख्य उद्देश्य लाभ का ही रहता है।

14. (क) गोपियाँ, जो श्रीकृष्ण को अत्यंत प्रेम करती है, उनकी बातों का रसास्वादन करना चाहती हैं। परंतु वे कृष्ण से बातें कर ही नहीं पातीं क्योंकि कृष्ण की मुरली सदैव उनके होठों से लगी रहती है। उनकी मुरली उनके मधुर अधरों से हटती ही नहीं। ईर्ष्यावश गोपियाँ श्री कृष्ण की मुरली छिपा देतीं हैं कि न रहेगा बाँस न बजेगी बाँसुरी। कृष्ण अपनी मुरली को यथास्थान में न पाकर गोपियों से प्रश्न करते हैं और गोपियाँ शपथ लेती हैं कि उन्होंने मुरली नहीं चुराई। परन्तु भौहों के हँस देने से यह स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि उन्हीं ने मुरली छिपाई है। इस प्रकार उन्हें श्री कृष्ण से बात करने का अवसर मिल जाता है और वे उनकी बातों का आनंद लेती हैं।

(ख) 'आत्मत्राण' कविता में कवि इस पंक्ति द्वारा कहना चाहते हैं हे ईश्वर! आप मुझे वह शक्ति दें कि मैं दुःख का तो सामना कर सकूँ, साथ ही साथ में सुख के समय में भी आपके सामने नतमस्तक होऊँ। अपने चारों ओर की प्रत्येक वस्तु में आपका आभास करूँ। सुख की प्राप्ति हेतु आपका आभार मानूँ। ऐसा कभी ना हो कि सुख के समय में मैं एक क्षण के लिए भी आपको भुला दूँ। कवि ऐसा कहकर सुख और दुःख, दोनों समय में ईश्वर को अपना साथी मानते हैं। वे अपने कष्टों का निवारण स्वयं करना चाहते हैं और सुख के समय में ईश्वर को अपने मन में बसाकर रखना चाहते हैं।

(ग) 'मधुर-मधुर मेरे दीपक जल' कविता में कवयित्री ने अपने आत्म-दीप के समक्ष मोम की तरह घुलने की बात कही है। उनकी इस बात में अपने आराध्य देव की ओर समर्पण का भाव है। वे चाहती हैं कि ईश्वर को अपना सबकुछ समर्पित कर देते हुए वे अपने कोमल शरीर को मोम की तरह घुल दें। वे  अपने शरीर के अणु-अणु को मोम की तरह गला देते हुए भी कोई अफ़सोस महसूस नहीं करना चाहती हैं। कवयित्री ने अपने दीपक से मोम की तरह घुलने को कहा ताकि वे अपना सबकुछ अपने आराध्य देव को समर्पित कर सकें।

15. (ख) एक बार टोपी ने मुन्नी बाबू को रहीम कबाबची की दुकान पर कबाब खाते हुए देख लिया था। इसका ज्ञान होने पर मुन्नी बाबू ने टोपी से यह बात किसी से न कहने को कही और उसे इकन्नी रिश्वत में दे दिया। फिर भी मुन्नी बाबू को यह बात सताती रही कि कहीं टोपी उसका यह राज़ दादी के सम्मुख उजागर न कर दे, हालांकि सीधा-सादा होने के कारण टोपी ने किसी से यह बात नहीं कही थी। एक बार जब टोपी ने इफ़्फ़न से दोस्ती करने के कारण पिट रहा था, तभी मुन्नी बाबू ने उसी बात का इल्ज़ाम टोपी के सिर मढ़ दिया क्योंकि उसे पता था कि टोपी इस बात से और तो पिटेगा, साथ में उसकी सच्चाई पर किसी को विश्वास तक नहीं होगा।

(ग) 'सपनों के-से दिन' पाठ में लेखक और उनके दोस्तोंको स्कूल ऐसी जगह कभी नहीं लगी, जहाँ भाग के जाई जा सके। उन्हें तो स्कूल कैद की तरह प्रतीत होता था तथा लेखक और उनके अधिकांश साथी चौथी कक्षा तक रोते-चिल्लाते ही स्कूल जाया करते। इसके पीछे का प्रमुख भय शिक्षकों के मारपीट का ही रहता। परन्तु उन्हें स्कूल जाना तब अच्छा लगने लगता जब पीटी मास्टर प्रीतमचंद उन्हें स्काऊटिंग का अभ्यास कराते। पढाई की वे उन्हें हाथ में नीली-पीली झंडियाँ पकड़वा लेते और वन-टू-थ्री कहकर मार्च करवाया करते। अच्छा परेड होने पर वे अपनी आँखों को झपकाकर शाबाशी देते, जो बच्चों को कुछ कम चमत्कृत नहीं करता।

16. पाठ 'सपनों के-से दिन' में एक ऐसी शिक्षा व्यवस्था का वर्णन है जहाँ दंड देना शिक्षक को कतई अस्वीकार नहीं है। वे विद्यार्थी को अनुशासित रखने के लिए कठोर से कठोर दंड अपनाना चाहते हैं। आज के परिपेक्ष में कठोर दंड देना कानूनन जुर्म है। शिक्षा मंत्रालय ने विद्यार्थियों के सार्वमौलिक विकास के लिए अनेक बदलावों को अपनाया है, जैसे 'पास'और 'फेल' जैसे शब्दों को निलंबित करना तथा दंड व्यवस्था को खारिज करना। यदि बच्चों को सदैव हर बातों पर दंड दिया जाए, तो वह डब्बू और डरा-डरा सा रहने लगता है। शिक्षकों के भय से वह सही प्रकार से पढ़ नहीं पाता है और स्कूल उसे जेल प्रतीत होता है। वर्तमान शिक्षा प्रणाली के सुखद बदलाव के बाद ऐसा काम हो गया है। अब शिक्षकों को आभास होना चाहिए कि विद्यानुकूल पपरिवेश की सृष्टि तभी होती है, जब विद्यार्थियों को शिक्षा प्राप्त करने, खेल-कूद करने तथा स्कूल के अंदर-बाहर हर प्रकार की आजादी हो। कार्य पूरा न होने पर शिक्षकों को बच्चों के साथ संवेदनात्मक व्यवहार करना चाहिए, न कि उसपे टिका-टिप्पणी करना, उसे ताने मारना तथा उसे दंड देना।


17.

सेवा में,
अध्यक्ष,
जल बोर्ड,
क.ख.ग नगर निगम,
क.ख.ग नगर।
दिनांक - 5-3-2014

विषय - दूषित जल की आपूर्ति के कारण जन-सामान्य को हो रही कठिनाई।

मान्यवर,
सेवनीय निवेदन है कि कुछ दिनों से हमारे इलाके में दूषित जल की आपूर्ति के कारण हमें बहुत परेशानियों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। दूषित जल के कारण हम अपने दैनिक कार्यों को करने में कठिनाई का अनुभव करते हैं तथा हमारे मोहल्ले के कुछ बच्चे रोगग्रस्त भी हो चुके हैं। टाइफाइड और जॉन्डिस जैसे भयंकर रोगों के होने पर भी जब हमने अधिकारियों को इस बारे में पत्र लिखा, तब उनके कानों में जूँ तक नही रेंगीं।
आशा करती हूँ कि आप उचित कार्यानुष्ठान ग्रहण करते हुए इस नर्कतुल्य जीवन से शीघ्र ही उद्धार करेंगे।
सधन्यवाद
भवदीया,
य.र.ल.व
अ.ब.ज कॉलोनी
क.ख.ग. नगर

18. (ख)

'परोपकार' शब्द दो शब्दों के मेल से बना है - 'पर' और 'उपकार' जिसका अर्थ है, दूसरों का उपकार या दूसरों की सहायता। मनुष्य सामाजिक और विनयशील प्राणी है, जिसे सहानभूति लेने तथा देने, दोनों की आवश्यकता होती है। दूसरों की सहायता को ही परोपकार कहते हैं, तथा ऐसा करने वाले मनुष्य सबसे श्रेष्ठ होता है क्योंकि परोपकार ही श्रेष्ठतम मानवीय गुण है। इस गुण के बिना मनुष्य पशु-तुल्य होता है। परोपकार करने से कोई हानि नहीं होती, वरन् लाभ अनेक होते हैं। इससे मानवीय सौहार्द का विकास होता है तथा उपकार करने, और उपकृत - दोनों के संबंध को और मज़बूत करता है। इससे न केवल उपकार पाने वाला व्यक्ति धन्य होता है बल्कि उपकार करने वाले के हृदय में भी दया और इंसानियत की लहर दौड़ जाती है। परन्तु आज के कलियुग में में परोपकार जितना आवश्यक है, उतना अनावश्यक भी। समाज में कई ऐसे लोग पाए जा सकते हैं जो उपकार-प्राप्ति की आड़ में रहते हुए अनचाहा फायदा भी उठा लेते हैं। हमें परोपकारी तो रहना चाहिए, परन्तु ऐसे लोगों को भी ध्यान चाहिए और सही निर्णय लेते हुए कदम उठाना चाहिए। अंत में इस महान गुण के विषय में यही कहा जा सकता है कि - "परहित सरिस धन नहीं भाई।"

विध्नों का दल चढ़ आए तो, उन्हें देख भयभीत न होंगे,

अब न रहेंगे दलित दीन हम, कहीं किसी से हीन न होंगे,

क्षुद्र स्वार्थ की खातिर हम तो कभी न गर्हित कर्म करेंगे।

पुण्यभूमि यह भारतमाता, जग की हम तो भीख न लेंगे।

मिसरी-मधु-सेवा-फल सारे, देती हमको सदा यही है,

कदली, चावल, अन्न विविध औ' क्षीर सुधामय लूटा रही है।
आर्यभूमि उत्कर्षमयी यह, गूँजेगा यह गान हमारा।
कौन करेगा समता इसकी, महिमामय यह देश हमारा।।

(i) लोग निंदित कर्म क्यों करते हैं?
(क) दूसरों को सताने के लिए
(ख) छोटे-छोटे स्वार्थों के लिए
(ग) दूसरों को पीछे छोड़ने के लिए
(घ) अपनी संपत्ति बढ़ाने के लिए

(ii) काम करते हुए लोग प्रायः डरते हैं
(क) शत्रुओं से
(ख) विध्न-बाधाओं से
(ग) क्षुद्र स्वार्थों से
(घ) सहायता न मिलने से

(iii) कोई देश हमारे देश से समता नहीं कर सकता क्योंकि हमारा देश
(क) विशाल है
(ख) शक्तिशाली है
(ग) संपन्न है
(घ) महिमावान् है

(iv) 'जग की हम तो भीख न लेंगे' का क्या भाव है?
(क) हम तो किसी से भीख नहीं माँगेंगे
(ख) हम बेसहारा हैं तो स्वाभिमानी भी हैं
(ग) सहायता के लिए विदेशियों के सामने हाथ नहीं फैलाएँगे
(घ) पराधीन रहकर भी हम स्वावलंबी बनेंगे

(v) कविता में भारत का विशेषण नहीं है
(क) महिमामय
(ख) गर्हित
(ग) उत्कर्षमय
(घ) पुण्यभूमि


5. (क) निम्नलिखित में रेखांकित पदबंधों के प्रकार लिखिए:
(i) तुमने एकाएक इतना मधुरगाना क्यों छोड़ दिया?    (1)
(ii) गाँव में हर वर्ष पशु-पर्व का आयोजनहोता है।          (1)

(ख) विग्रहपूर्वक समास का नाम लिखिए:                      (1)
विश्वसंगठन

(ग) समस्त पद बनाकर समास का नाम लिखिए:          (1)
सुंदर हैं जो नयन

6. (क) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में रेखांकित पदों का परिचय दीजिए:
(i) मैदान में हज़ारों आदमियों की भीड़होने लगी।          (1)
(ii) आंदोलनकारी शहर में प्रदर्शन कर रहे थे।                (1)
(iii) वे धीरे-धीरेसभास्थल की ओर बढ़ रहे थे।               (1)

(ख) संधि-विच्छेद कीजिए:                                           (1)
पुष्पोधान

7. (क) निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए:                                 (1×3=3)
(i) जब क्रांतिकारी ने झंडा गाड़ा तब पुलिस ने उसे पकड़ लिया। (वाक्य-भेद लिखिए)
(ii) आज झंडा फहराया जायेगा और प्रतिज्ञा पढ़ी जायेगी। (मिश्र वाक्य में बदलिए)
(iii) जब वे प्रतियोगता में भाग लेने गए तोबाहर रोक लिए गए। (संयुक्त वाक्य में बदलिए)

(ख) संधि कीजिए:                                                        (1)
धन + आगम

8. (क) निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को शुद्ध रूप में लिखिए:
(i) हमारा लक्ष्य देश की चहुँमुखी प्रगति होनी चाहिए।     (1)
(ii) केवल यहाँ दी पुस्तकें रखी हैं।                                  (1)
(iii) उसने आज घर में क्या करा?                                   (1)

(ख) संधि-विच्छेद कीजिए:                                             (1)
अत्यधिक

9. निम्नलिखित मुहावरों तथा लोकोक्तियों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग इस प्रकार कीजिए कि उनका अर्थ स्पष्ट हो जाए:                                                                             (1×4=4)
(i) हाथ फैलाना
(ii) राई का पर्वत करना
(iii) जाके पैर न फटी बिवाई सो क्या जाने पीर पराई
(iv) हाथ कंगन को आरसी क्या?


10. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:              (3×2=6)

(क) जापान में मानसिक रोग के क्या कारण हैं? आप इन कारणों से कहाँ तक सहमत हैं? 'झेन की देन' पाठ के आधार पर तर्कपूर्ण उत्तर दीजिए।

(ख) मुवजा पाने के लिए ख्यूक्रिन ने क्या-क्या कारण दिए? 'गिरगिट' पाठ के आधार पर लिखिए।

(ग) 'अब कहाँ दूसरे के दुःख से दुखी होने वाले' पाठ में समुद्र के क्रोध का क्या कारण बताया गया है? उसने अपना क्रोध कैसे शान्त किया? अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।

11. प्रकृति में आये असंतुलन के कारण और उसके परिणामों की चर्चा, 'अब कहाँ दूसरे के दुःख में दुःखी होने वाले' पाठ के आधार पर कीजिए।                    (5)


वज़ीर अली को एक जाँबाज़ सिपाही क्यों कहा है? उसके सैनिक जीवन के क्या लक्ष्य थे? 'कारतूस' पाठ के आधार पर विस्तार से लिखिए।

12. निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के लिए सही उत्तर वाले विकल्प चुनकर लिखिए:     (1×5=5)

राह कुर्बानियों की न वीरान हो
तुम सजाते ही रहना नए काफ़िले
फ़तह का जश्न इस जश्न के बाद है
ज़िंदगी मौत से मिल रही है गले
बाँध ल अपने सर से कफ़न साथियो
अब तुम्हारे हवाले वतन साथियो।

(i) 'राह कुर्बानियों की न वीरान हो' - का क्या तात्पर्य है?
(क) सैनिक सोच-समझकर आगे बढ़ें
(ख) सैनिक देश के बारे में सोचते रहें
(ग) बलिदानी सैनिकों की परंपरा बनी रहे
(घ) बलिदानी सैनिकों आगे बढ़ने की सोच में रहें

(ii) सैनिक किसे सजाने के लिए कहते हैं?
(क) देश की कुर्बानियों को
(ख) जश्न मनाने वालों को
(ग) भारतमाता को
(घ) बलिदानी सैनिकों के जत्थों को

(iii) 'फ़तह का जश्न' से तात्पर्य है
(क) आगे बढ़ने की खुशियाँ
(ख) मृत्यु की ख़ुशी
(ग) जीत जाने की ख़ुशी
(घ) जीत की खुशियाँ

(iv) 'सिर पर कफ़न बाँधने' का किस ओर संकेत है?
(क) सिर बचने की ओर
(ख) देश पर बलिदान की ओर
(ग) सिर पर मुकुट बाँधने की ओर
(घ) जीवित रहने की ओर

(v) 'काफिले' शब्द का अर्थ है
(क) कायरों का गिरोह
(ख) वीरों का समुदाय
(ग) बलिदानियों का झुंड
(घ) यात्रियों का समूह


सारे शीतल कोमल नूतन,
माँग रहे तुझसे ज्वाला-कण
विश्व-शलभ सिर धुन कहता मैं
हाय! न जल पाया तुझमें मिल,
सिहर-सिहर मेरे दीपक जल!
जलते नभ में देख असंख्यक,
स्नेहहीन नित कितने दीपक;
जलमय सागर का उर जलता,
विद्युत ले घिरता है बादल
विहँस-विहँस मेरे दीपक जल!

(i) पतंग को पश्चाताप है कि वह
(क) दिये को प्रकाश न पा सका
(ख) दीपक के एकाकार न हो सका
(ग) दीपक के स्नेह से वंचित रहा
(घ) ज्वाला-कण न बन सका

(ii) स्नेहहीन दीपक किन्हें कहा गया है?
(क) टिमटिमाते तारों को
(ख) चमकते जुगनुओं को
(ग) तेलरहित दीपकों को
(घ) जगमगाते चाँद को

(iii) किस पंक्ति के कथन में विरोध दिखाई पड़ता है?
(क) सारे शीतल कोमल नूतन
(ख) हाय! न जल पाया तुझमें मिल
(ग) स्नेहहीन नित कितने दीपक
(घ) जलमय सागर का उर जलता

(iv) सागर का हृदय क्यों जलता है?
(क) घिरते बादलों को देखकर
(ख) तारों को चमकता देखकर
(ग) बादलों में बिजली की कौंध देखकर
(घ) विहँसते दीपक को देखकर

(v) पद्यांश में बादलों की क्या विशेषता बताई गई है?
(क) असंख्य तारे छिप जाते हैं
(ख) वह अनंत सीमा वाला है
(ग) गर्जन करता है पर बरसता नहीं
(घ) बिजली का प्रकाश लेकर घिरता है

13. निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए:        (1×5=5)

व्यवहारवादी लोग हमेशा सजग रहते हैं। लाभ-हानि का हिसाब लगाकर ही कदम उठाते हैं। वे जीवन में सफल होते हैं, अन्यों से आगे भी जाते हैं पर क्या वे ऊपर चढ़ते हैं। खुद ऊपर चढ़ें और अपने साथ दूसरों को भी ऊपर ले चलें यही महत्व की बात है। यह काम तो हमेशा आदर्शवादी लोगों ने ही किया है। समाज के पास यदि शाश्वत मूल्यों-जैसा कुछ है तो वह आदर्शवादी लोगों का ही दिया हुआ है। व्यवहारवादी लोगों ने तो समाज को गिराया ही है।

(क) व्यवहारवादी लोगों के सजग रहने के क्या-क्या कारण हैं?
(ख) आदर्शवादी लोगों की समाज को क्या-क्या देन है?
(ग) समाज को पतन की ओर ले जाने वाले कौन लोग हैं? उनका मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या रहता है?


उसमें कबूतर के एक जोड़े ने घोंसला बना लिया था। एक बार बिल्ली ने उचककर दो में से एक अंडा तोड़ दिया। मेरी माँ ने देखा तो उसे दुःख हुआ। उसने स्टूल पर चढ़कर दूसरे अंडे को बचाने की कोशिश की। लेकिन इस कोशिश में दूसरा अंडा उसी के हाथ से गिरकर टूट गया। कबूतर परेशानी में इधर-उधर फड़फड़ा रहे थे। उनकी आँखों में दुःख देखकर मेरी माँ की आँखों में आँसू आ गए। इस गुनाह को खुदा से मुआफ़ कराने के लिए उसने पुरे दिन रोज़ा रखा। दिन-भर कुछ खाया-पिया नहीं। सिर्फ रोती रही।

(क) माँ के दुःख का क्या कारण था और उसका दुःख कैसे बढ़ गया?
(ख) माँ के गुनाह और उसके प्रायश्चित पर टिप्पणी कीजिए।
(ग) माँ ने खुदा से क्या दुआ माँगी?

14. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं तीन प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:                  (3×3=9)

(क) गोपियों द्वारा श्री कृष्ण की बाँसुरी छिपाए जाने में क्या रहस्य है? 'दोहे' कविता के आधार पर अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।

(ख) 'आत्मत्राण' कविता की पंक्ति 'तव मुख पहचानूँ छीन-छीन में' का भाव अपने शब्दों में स्पष्ट कीजिए।

(ग) 'मधुर-मधुर मेरे दीपक जल' कविता में कवयित्री ने अपने दीपक से मोम की तरह धुलने के लिए क्यों कहा है? स्पष्ट कीजिए कि उस घुलने में उसका कौन-सा भाव छिपा है?

(घ) 'मनुष्यता' कविता के आधार पर किन्हीं तीन मानवीय गुणों के बारे में लिखिए।

15. निम्नलिखित में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:         (3+3=6)

(क) 'सपनों के-से दिन' पाठ के आधार पर पीटी सर की किन्हीं चारित्रिक विशेषताओं का उल्लेख कीजिए।

(ख) टोपी ने मुन्नी बाबू के बारे में कौन-सा रहस्य छिपाकर रखा था और क्यों? विस्तार से समझाइए।

(ग) 'सपनों के-से दिन' पाठ में लेखक को स्कूल जाने का उत्साह नहीं होता था, क्यों? फिर भी ऐसी कौन-सी बात थी जिस कारण उसे स्कूल जाना अच्छा लगने लगा? कारण-सहित स्पष्ट कीजिए।

16. आज की शिक्षा-व्यवस्था में विद्यार्थियों को अनुशासित बनाए रखने के लिए क्या तरीके निर्धारित हैं? 'सपनों के-से दिन' पाठ में अपनाई गई विधियाँ आज के सन्दर्भ में कहाँ तक उचित लगती हैं? जीवन-मूल्यों के अलोक में अपने विचार प्रस्तुत कीजिए।            (5)


17. विद्यालय में आयोजित सामाजिक विज्ञानं-प्रदर्शनी का विवरण देते हुए किसी प्रतिष्ठित दैनिक समाचार-पत्र के संपादक को, इसकी उपयोगिता बताते हुए, प्रकाशनार्थ पत्र लिखिए।        (5)

जल-बोर्ड द्वारा दूषित जल की आपूर्ति के कारण जान-सामान्य को हो रही कठिनाइयों की ओर ध्यान आकृष्ट करते हुए अध्यक्ष, जल-बोर्ड को एक पत्र लिखिए।


(क) संयुक्त परिवार
• संयुक्त परिवार का अर्थ
• संबंधों में पड़ती दरार
• जोड़ने से लाभ

(ख) परोपकार
• आवश्यकता
• लाभ
• जीवन  संभव

(ग) जीव-जंतु और मानव
• सहज संबंध
• उपयोगिता
• सुझाव

इस प्रश्न पत्र का उत्तर (Topper Answer) यहाँ देखें।

(by Rama)

" No matter how hard we try, we cannot about everything, for it is once in a lifetime that you come across something that truly opens your eyes and you realise that everything you believed in until was a gigantic hoax and that there is always more to the story or picture than what appears to be." I was reminded of these lines when I stood middle of the land of snow and ice watching the dim sunlight making way through the canopy of trees and the sad sight of the ice caps melting seemed to take away all the beauty of the place.

We often things for granted and think of ourselves as the greatest example of evolution on earth. In our drive to the ultimate species, we have become horribly self-centered, caring little about the environment around us and what effects our actions have on the environment. Little do we realise that without the environment and its well-being, there will be no 'us', for it is our duty to co-exist with the forces of nature peacefully and harmoniously. The threat of global warming is very real and our misdeeds have already begun to show their ill-effects. The excessive emission of carbon in the atmosphere, reckless cutting of trees on a large scale and use of automobiles has released emissions in the atmosphere that disturb the natural balance of cycle of nature which is also the reason why there are ultimately rain-showers and droughts and floods in places. If this continues then pretty soon the entire mankind will be wiped from the surface of the earth because we all know about the all-pervasive power of nature and ephemeralities of mankind.
Therefore, I think it is time we start doing something about it. As students we can urge our elders to use more eco-friendly transport, to not burn firewood, to minimise the use of aerosols or anything that contributes to environment degradation. We need to follow three R's - Reuse, Reduce, Recycle and take steps forward for better future.
                                                                The future awaits us with a gold mine of resources and benefits for those who wish to co-exist peacefully and use what the environment or nature has to offer at optimum levels. So, it's finally to stop thinking and start doing!

4.

Aravind was distracted. He couldn't concentrate in the class. The incident which had happened in the morning had shattered him. Aravind felt dizzy at the very thought and covered his face with hands as if to save himself from the horror of his thoughts. Ever since Aravind's father died in his mother was his only family. He died before Aravind could get to know him better and so his mother was the only family he knew. Lately, his mother had become very protective of him and felt the urge to question his every action and prevented him from going out with his friends. On the morning in question, he had an argument with his mother about the same. What started off as a mere spark escalated wild fire and Aravind stormed out of the house leaving his mother almost in tears as he slammed the door behind him and walked out. He questioned his mother's integrity and cursed her for ruining his life. Now that an hour had passed by he realised how wrong he was. H couldn't get himself to think about how badly he had hurt his mother. He felt as if the ground was slipping beneath his feet and he was choking on foot. He thought of various ways to make amends with his mother and finally came up with a brilliant idea, He knew that what he had done could not be compensated for by a simple apology but he decided to give it a try.
When he went back home with heavy steps each speaking of the guilt and shame that hung over him, he did not find his mother at home. He wrote a letter to his mom saying how sorry he was about how he acted and that he promised to never repeat it. He bought flowers for her and left the letter and flower at her desk. When his mom came back from work, he hide himself behind the curtains to note her expression after reading it. Within five minutes he noticed her crying and rushed to give her hug and whispered in her ear,"You are the best mom ever".

Error	Correction
on	through
successful	success
wants	want
for	to
or	and
parts	part
is	be
does	do

7. (a) We saw a yellow coloured bus full of excited children.
(b) We guessed they were on the way to the planetarium,
(c) This was the part of their study tour.


8. (a) The ghost/phantom named Helen speaks three words to John Hallock.

(b) Helen and the other ghosts, who were part of Writer's Inspiration Bureau used to help writers by providing them inspiration to write and give them ideas to write, but now that the were giving strike they decided to stop providing them with this assistance.

(c) 'Bothering' means troubling or asking for something.

9. (a) The sheer devastating power and overtaking wings of the ocean wave/sea wave had forced the ship in the southward (extreme) direction, far away from its destination so much that the ship looked like victim trying to run away from its enemy with enemy's shadow still falling on it. This change in direction took them to the land of ice and mist. There was ice all around floating in the form of cliffs appearing like emeralds due to the reflection of surface water. The atmosphere was dismal and disheartening making them devoid of hope. In such unpleasant circumstances, the Albatross came from the land of mist and fog and to the Christian sailors aboard, it seemed to be a 'Christian soul' bringing hope to them just like Jesus had brought new hope to the world. It was the only living creature they had spotted in a long time and it was only after his arrival that the favourable south winds started blowing and the ship set sail again as the ice cracked.

(c) Decius Brutus was one of the conspirators who wanted Caesar dead and therefore had come to fetch Caesar to the Senate house. When Caesar told him about his wife's fears and ill omens, he realised that in that case the conspiracy or plan to kill him would fail. Hence, to save his skin and as well as to realise his selfish intentions he interpreted the dream so that it would appeal to Caesar's vanity. He told him that his statue giving blood like a fountain from a hundred spouts was a sign that Rome will gain energy and life from him. That powerful Roman bathe their hands in it signifies that they will dip their handkerchiefs in his sacred blood and keep them as mementos and souvenirs. Thus, it again signifies that he would become most powerful of all Romans.

(d) In 1934, Patol Babu got a better job with comparatively better wage than his previous job [in the railway factory] with Hudson and Kimberley. He worked as a clerk and got money enough to keep his financial condition stable and look after his family crisis. For as long as he worked there he led a satisfactory life and he was also fortunate enough to find a flat in the Netaji Bhattacharji lane where he started living in Calcutta with his wife. But in 1943, due to sudden retrenchment (golden handshake) in his office, he lost his job.

(e) The poem 'Ozymandias', is written by Percy Bysshe Shelley. The powerful and the rich often get their statues erected in an attempt to immortalise themselves so that the posterity/progeny remember their mighty deeds in the times to come. This highlights their short-sightedness for nature which is all pervasive and all powerful, has the ability to render such attempts futile. Time takes its toll on everyone and everything, and they mock at the dilapidated remains of statues which lies neglected here and there. Thus, the poem highlights the all pervasive, long lasting power of nature and the ephemeralities (short lives) of mankind.

10. OR
Mark Antony was Caeser's loyal friend and all through his life remained true to his country, to its country's people and to his slain friend.
                                                              He was a hard practical idealist dreamer and was a powerful orator. The moment he saw his friend's corpse lying on the ground he referred to him as the noblest man who ever lived and asked the men to kill him (if they intended to) for no hour and no weapon would be as suitable as the hour and used for Caesar's death or to kill Caesar, even if he lived on for thousand years. Later he got hold of his emotions and thought of taking revenge and turning the tables on the conspirators for if he were dead then they would succeed in their political ambitions. He asked for an opportunity to speak at Caesar's funeral. in the marketplace and shook hands with conspirators. Despite disapproval from Cassius, Brutus granted him permission asking him to mention that he was speaking with their permission and only to praise Caesar and not to speak ill of them.
Mark Antony and Brutus delivered their speech in the marketplace. While Brutus appealed to the wisdom of the people/mob, Antony appealed to their emotions and cleverly countered all points made by Brutus to justify the killing. He repeatedly referred to the conspirators as 'honourable man' t save his own skin and incited the fickle minded mob by telling them about Caesar's will and brought down on the conspirators. Thus, by clever use of irony, satire, punch and an interesting interplay of words he won the heart of the mob while the speech given by the Brutus lacked punch and was cold and direct.

11.
"Without Miss Anne Sullivan, my wife life was literally and symbolically in darkness. It was like a ship without a compass."
Such was the love that Helen had for her teacher. Before the arrival of Miss Sullivan Helen was like the wild child caught inside the silent prison of her own body. Helen became deaf, blind and dumb at the age of two. She had a lot of anger and aggression trapped inside herself for she felt like an outcast in the world even though she was greatly loved by her family. Helen's father was a gentlemen who believed in the power of hope and did not want to deprive Helen of the benefits of education. They started looking for an accomplished teacher to teach Helen and found assistance in Anne Sullivan who was known to be an expert in teaching the blind. Helen at first had difficulty adopting to this new phase of life that she was to embark upon but with Anne Sullivan's assistance she learned to read and write with the help of manual alphabet. She spelled letters in her hand and repeated and read stories to her. The first word that Helen spoke was doll and then water and it gave her immense pleasure to know that she could do things just like everybody else. Anne Sullivan accompanied Helen wherever she went and it was because of her unitarian efforts Helen could live dream of going Radcliffe college and later on humanitarian mission around the world.
                                           Had Miss Anne Sullivan not been there Helen would not have been able to achieve so much in her life. She was like a constant companion in good times and in bad, She encouraged her to believe in herself and pushed her achieve greater things in her life. She taught her to aim for the moon because that way even if she failed she would land up among the stars. She persuaded Helen to write, to work on her weakness and constantly assisted her during lectures.
Thus, it would be right to say that she liberated the caged bird and there is no Helen Keller story without Anne Sullivan for it was only when she got the wind knocked out of her that she was reminded of how much she loved the taste of air.

Before viewing this answers kindly check question paper herek question paper here.

1. Democracies are based on political equality. This is because in a democracy every adult has the right to vote. No adult can be debarred from voting on the grounds of race, religion, sex, caste etc. Also, every vote is equal. Democracies follow one vote - one value. Universal Adult Franchise is an important political outcome of democracy. Thus, it is based on political equality.

2. The Haldia sea-port was set up to support the Calcutta (Kolkata) Port. It helped reduce volume of trade dependency of Kolkata port. It also helps with foreign trade.

3. When a citizen has the ability - by the government - find out about the norms and procedures followed by the government and institutions in taking decisions, it is said to be transparent. The fact that a democratic government allows this is transparency.

4. Concentration camps are similar to prisons. Rebels, protesters and wrongdoers were often sent there in large numbers. Concentration camps denied the prisoners of their rights and the very term can evoke pictures of inhumane and unethical torture. In Vietnam, the followers of Hyunh Phu So were sent to Concentration camps.

5. While purchasing gold jewellery, we must look for Hallmark logo. This logo is for precious metals.

6. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 (COPRA) was enacted by the Indian parliament to protect consumers from various forms of exploitation by producers and shopkeepers in the markets.

7. In the early Barter system of trade, one important requirement was double-coincidence of wants. For example, if a wheat seller wanted shoes, he would have to look for a shoe-seller who wanted wheat.
Money acts as a Medium of exchange. In the above situation, the wheat seller can exchange his commodities into currency and then buy shoes. He just has to search for a buyer. Money prevents the need to go overboard searching for a 'specific' buyer and it thus acts as a medium of exchange.

8. A partisan is one who tends to favour or support a specific party. The ability to favour one side or inability to take a balanced decision is known as partisanship. Parties involve partisanship as they get immense support from the locals. Partisans tend to vote for the Political Party they favour and tend to support the party.

9. Democracies are accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.

• While other forms of government such as dictatorships tend to take quicker decisions, they hardly ever follow procedures. But, in the case of a democracy, every single procedure is followed. And though this takes time and decisions making is slower, it is accountable as, no procedure is skipped also decisions are deliberated and negotiated by the people for the people.

• Democracies are responsive to the needs of people and their expectations. This is because, democracies are of the people, by the people and for the people. So, democracies are by the citizen themselves. And when an issue comes the representatives chosen by the people debate and deliberate to come up with the best decision for the people.

• As a result, they are acceptable and responsive.

10. The problems faced by the peasants of Awadh are:

• Many of the peasants were not rich. And the agricultural depressions of their time period had left many of the economically deprived. Even then, the government refused to revise revenue collection. So many of them were in huge debt as they couldn't pay revenue.

• They were forced to contribute 'begar'. Begar was basically extreme labour without payment. This was a problem for the peasants as they weren't getting any income out of their contributions and found it very hard to make ends for the lives.

• Many had the problems of oppressive landlords and talukdars. These landlords would force them into contributing labour with very less payment. Tenants were often evicted from their lands to prevent them from getting any lease over the land.

11. India is one of the few countries which has abundance of sunlight:

• Being placed near the equator, India has direct rays of sunlight and should make use of this energy.

• In solar energy, the photovoltaic cells convert the solar energy obtained from the sun into electrical energy.

• Solar energy can solve the energy problem to some extent in India.

• There are many rural places in India which are deprived of energy. Strategically placing solar panels there would solve the energy problems and bring energy to the poor.

• Solar energy is also quite renewable and harmless. It acts as an efficient substitute to non-renewable fossil fuels and non-ecofriendly nuclear power plants.

12. Tourism is an important aspect of foreign trade in India.

• Places like Goa, Rajasthan and Srinagar are tourism hotspots. Tourism here helps improve the economy of the country.

• When foreign tourists visit India, there are chance of them learning local culture and obtaining vital informations which they may take back to the country to regulate foreign trade.

• India is an important importer and exporter of jewellery. When tourists come and see these items, there is a high chance of them ordering more - that to with the help of information technology and globalisation.

• Tourists also help in making products 'better' with their westernised knowledge. As a result products for trade are now of better quality and are in higher demand.

13. On the 31st January 1930, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to the Viceroy - Lord Irwin. In it were eleven demands of wide and varied range to be generic to the society as a whole and to meet every person needs.

• He had also said that, if the demands were not met by the deadline, he would erupt a nation wide protest based on Civil Disobedience.

• One of the main demand was the abolish of the Salt tax. The British had unfairly and impractically levied heavy tax on salt. Gandhiji and his trusted followers found this impractical and unfair as salt was common commodity used by the rich and poor equally. In salt, he found a method to unite the society.

• However, Lord Irwin was unwilling to negotiate.

• As a result, Gandhiji and 78 of his trusted followers from his Ashram at Sabarmati to the coast of Dandi. This is known as the Salt March. He walked 240 miles in a span of 24 days and wherever he stopped, people came from near and far to listen to him speak.

• On the final day, he picked a handful of salt from the sea and manufactured the salt illegally.

• This became an effective tool of resistance against colonialism as:
(i) Foreign cloth was boycotted and liquid shops were picketed.
(ii) People followed Gandhi's footsteps and manufactured salt on their own.
(iii) Many gave up the government jobs and titles.
(iv) The nation emerged out in Civil Disobedience Movement where they refused to obey the government. They broke laws and demanded freedom.

14. Chhotangpur Plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries because:

(i) The area has a proximity of raw material. It is strategically placed near few important iron ores.

(ii) The area receives cheap and has an abundance of raw material. Since it is near the iron ores, it gets the necessary raw materials for cheap.

(iii) It receives cheap labour from nearby states. States like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha have many unemployed youth who can easily find jobs in these industry.

(iv) It is placed near the markets. Both national and international trade flourish due to its closeness to the market ports.

15. "There is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world."

• This is because democracies:
(i) Promotes equality
(ii) Enhance the dignity of citizens.
(iii) Improve the quality of decision making.
(iv) Provide a medium to resolve conflicts.
(v) Allow people to correct their mistakes.

• Also, democratic governments are accountable, legitimate, responsive and transparent.

• One important outcomes of democracies is Universal Adult Franchise.

• They are of the people, by the people and for the people.

• In democracies, eventually, people's needs and expectations are met.

16. "A challenge is an opportunity for progress."

• Democracies face the challenges of foundation, expansion and deepening. But it can be noted that overcoming any of these challenges is definitely a mode of progress for the country.

• Let us take for example a foundational challenge. Let us say, a certain country, which is non-democratic, is trying to become democratic. Challenges faced by this country may include keeping the military away from power. This challenge is definitely an opportunity for progress. By working together, the country can overcome this challenge and progress further into democracy.

• This can also be seen with countries experiencing the expansion and deepening challenge. Any challenge overtaken is definitely progress for the country.

• Thus, a challenge is an opportunity for the progress.

17. In the early days, when barter system was prevalent around the world, people used grains, cattle or any other commodity of theirs for exchange. Sometimes, when one wanted the value of wheat equal to half a cow, he would have to cut the animal up. Also, these commodities had uses of their own. For example, grains were used for food. Exchange were not defined.

• When the idea of currency came into place, many kings like the Mughals used precious metals like gold and silver. In king Akbar's days, men used gold mohur. But the value of the gold would have been more than the value of the currency.

• In Modern currency, coins are made of cheap metals like copper, or aluminium and its value would be lesser than that of the currency. Notes are also made with paper. Thus the modern form of currency is accepted as a medium of exchange as exchange rates are defined, one cannot devalued it and one doesn't have to reduce other commodity.

18. "Foreign trade integrates the markets in different countries."

(i) Foreign trade allows imports and exports of products in the market. When a product is imported, it provides competition to the local producers. This allows the local producers to make their products for their competition with the first products. Thus, integrating the producers and thereby countries.

(ii) Foreign trade helps in equalising monetary ratios. Globalization helps in this. By creating a monetary ratio in the market, different countries market get integrated.

(iii) Foreign products brought in by trade provide choice to the buyers. Let us take example of Chinese toys in the Indian market. Chinese toys are cheaper and are more modernised than Indian toys. This definitely would attract customers to purchase Chinese toys. Currently in India, over 70-80% of the toys in the markets are Chinese toys. This means, Chinese toys have been in huge demand. As a result, more markets buy more Chinese toys thus creating more jobs for the producer and thus integrating markets.

19. The right to seek redressal is a consumer right which allows the consumers to seek compensation against any form of exploitation in the market.
Let us take the example of man who send Rs 4000 to his daughter in a far off village via postal services. When this man comes to know that money has not reached his daughter, he confronts the post office. But the customer services of the post office just vaguely answers his queries unsatisfactorily.
Now, under the right to seek redressal, he can approach the consumer court and has right to seek redressal. The judge will later on announce the verdict.

20. • Paul Bernard was an influential writer and policy maker in Vietnam.

• He believed that the main objective of colonization was economic development.

• He said that the economy of Vietnam was very poor due to its high population, low productivity and indebtedness of the peasants.

• Many peasants were indentured labourers. Indentured labourers are those who worked mainly in plantations under contract. Their rights weren't specified, any landlords could imprison them if they refused to work.

• The main source of economic development in Vietnam was from rice cultivation and rubber plantation.

• Paul Bernard believed that if the French take the steps to improve the economy, colonization would be fulfilled.

• Thus, he was in favour of draining the Mekong delta and the building of railways.

21. • Banks are institutions which allow people to deposit savings availing interest and also lend money to those in need at a rate of interest.

• Banks in India keep 15% of the deposited money on a daily basis in case people wish to withdraw the money on demand. Since all depositors won't withdraw all their money on the same day, banks follow this procedure.

• Banks allow people to take loans. It is a formal sector for credit. Many of the poor people can get these loans for many reasons. They could use the money for self-employment or for the betterment of their current job etc. For example, peasants may use these loans to buy machines, fertilizers, seeds, pesticides etc. for their agricultural work. Or an unemployed rural women may take these loans to et self-employed and start her own business. In whatever manner, employment of many plays an important role in economy.

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the only legal institution allowed to make and produce money. It also keeps check on other banks to see if loans are being given out fairly.

• The difference in the rate of interest in loans and demand depositors proves as income for the bank employees.

• Self Help Groups (SHGs) and companies avail loans from the bank to employ the poor.

• Thus, Banks play an important role in the economy of India.

22. • In cities, originally, the Non-cooperation Movement started like wild fire.
→ Many boycotted government jobs, turned over government titles, lawyers refused to go to court. Students and teachers boycotted schools. Liquor shops were picketed.

→ The council elections were boycotted except in the province of Madras where the Justice Party - the party of Non-Brahmins - felt that entering the elections was the only way of gaining power which was something only Brahmins had access to.

→ Foreign cloth was boycotted.

→ English institutions were boycotted.

• On an economic front, the Non-Cooperation had a tremendous effect.

→ With the boycotting of foreign cloth, local khadi producers now stood a chance in the market again. Also, the value of foreign cloth dropped from ₹102 crores to ₹57 crore in a span of one year. People built bonfires and burnt foreign cloth.

→ By boycotting British institutions, the British faced a huge loss.

→ However, the Non-Cooperation Movement lost its momentum. This was because khaki was definitely more expensive and laborious than foreign cloth. Also, there weren't Indian institutions for the boycotted British institutions.

23. The National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) is an ISO certified corporation. It has several thermal power all over the country. Over the years, it has noted the due harm caused by Thermal power plants to the environment. It has come up with pro-active approaches. for preservation of the natural resources and environment.

(i) Making use of latest technology: Latest technology tend to be very environment-friendly and using the guidelines and technology prevent environmental degradation.

(ii) Making use of ash: After burning fossil fuels, like coal and petroleum, for thermal energy, ash remains. Ash is actually quite effective when heated in producing energy.

(iii) Ash-water and Ash-pond management: Making use of local water bodies, the NTPC feels that Ash-water and Ash-pond management is another eco-friendly method.

(iv) Shelter Belts: Placing Shelter near an inbetween thermal power plants will definitely reduce the harmful effect of the thermal power plants.

(v) Keeping Check: By keeping an eye on the ecology and maintaining some information, NTPC feels that ecological balance will be maintained.

24. "Globalisation and greater competition among producers has been advantageous to consumers."

• The above statement is definitely true. Globalisation has been seen in varied forms, especially with the establishment of Multi-National Corporation (MNCs). Not only have MNCs have provided new job opportunities., bu it has brought out huge choices in the markets. Consumers now have a wide range of products to choose from and can decide which products which they wish to buy.

• Indian companies also have advantages with globalisation. Many pursue on to become MNCs themselves. For example, Tata Motors (auto-mobile), Infosys (Software and technology), Ranbauxy (Medicals) and Asian paints are all leading MNCs which are found in international products.

• Let us take example of Chinese toys in the Indian market. Chinese toys tend to be cheaper and more modern than Indian toys. Infact, they come up with innovative designs. The Indian consumers would definitely tend to buy. As a result, many shopkeepers would introduce more Chinese toys. Infact 70-80% of the toys in the market now are made in China.

• Competition among producers had been advantageous to consumer as it gave them an open choice where they can decide what they wish to consume. For example, In the early 1900s, Ford an ambassador was the only automobiles available in India. But now with globalisation and production competition, there are several hundred brands in th market for people to choose from with various functions and features.

25. The French believed that colonies were necessary for the French to get new raw materials.They also lt that by colonizing, they were bringing the advantages of civilization to the primitive and backward.

• The French began this feat by developing the Mekong Delta region.

• The Mekong delta was a deltaic region in Vietnam was not being used to its capacity.

• The French drained the Mekong delta and then made the Vietnamese peasants cultivate rice in the area.

• Rice cultivation increased from 2,74,000 in 1873 to 1.1 million hectares in 1900 and 2.2 million hectares in 1930.

• With the abundance of rice, the Vietnamese thus started exporting the rice and became the second largest exporter of rice by exporting two-thirds of the total export.

• The French also were set on a mission to build railways to make transportation of raw materials easier.

• They successfully built railways from Vietnam to Yunan and later Vietnam to Siam.

26. We feel that democracy is a better form a government than any other form because:

(i) It promotes equality: In democracy all are equal under the law. A political outcome of democracies is Universal Adult Franchise where every adult have equal right to vote.

(ii) It enhances the dignity of the citizen: In democracies, no citizen can be debarred from voting rights or contesting elections on the basis of race, religion , gender caste and creed.

(iii) It improves the quality of decision making: In democracy every single decision follows all the norms and procedures and is deliberated and debated on, thus improving the quality of decision making.

(iv) It provides room to resolve conflicts: If any conflicts arise, a democratic government allows people to negotiate and come to terms.

(v) It allows room to correct mistakes: In democracies, if mistakes are made, they can be corrected easily.

(vi) Accountable, legitimate and responsive: Democracies tend to be more accountable, legitimate and responsive. This is because, they follow all procedures. And the are made by the people.

27. • The most abundantly available fossil fuels in India is coal.

(i) When plants and animals decompose in swampy and marshy areas, they form peat. Peat is a low grade coal with low carbon content, high moisture and low heating capacity.

(ii) Low grade brown coal is known as lignite. It has high moisture content and is mainly used to produce electricity. Example - Neyveli in Tamil Nadu make use of lignite.

(iii) Coal which has been underground and experienced high temperatures is bituminous. It is used in smelting iron.

(iv) Anthracite the highest grade of coal.

28. When people come together to contest elections and hold power in the government its is known as political party.
Political parties tend to come up with policies and programmes which the pleasant to the people out of which, decide which party to support.
The 3 components of a political party are:
(i) Party leader: They tend to make decisions and choose candidates for the party.
(ii) Active members: They are the members of the party who execute the party vision.
(iii) Followers: or partisans. They tend to favour a party.

29.
(A) Madras
(B) Kheda
(C) Chauri Chaura

30.
(A) Durg
(B) Porbander

29.



30.


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1. How can you say that democracies are based on political equality?   (1)

2. Why was the Haldia sea-port set up?  (1)

3. What is meant by 'transparency'?  (1)

4. What was the main aim of French revolutionaries?   (1)
What is the meaning of concentration camps?

5. Suppose your parents want to purchase Gold jewellery along with you; then which logo will you look for on the jewellery?   (1)

6. Why was the Consumer Protection Act enacted by the Indian Parliament?   (1)

7. How does money act as a medium of exchange?    (1)

8. Why do political parties involve partisanship?    (1)

9. How is democracy accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens? Analyse.    (3)

10. Describe any three major problems faced by the peasants of Awadh in the days of Non-Cooperation movement.    (3×1=3)

11. How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your opinion.  (3)

12. Describe the significance of tourism as trade in India?   (3)

13. How did 'Salt March' become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? Explain.   (3)

14. Why has the 'Chotanagpur Plateau Region' the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?    (3×1=3)

15. "There is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world." Support the statement.   (3)

16. "A challenge is an opportunity for progress." Support the statement with your arguments.   (3)

17. Why is modern currency accepted as a medium of exchange without any use if its own? Find out the reason.   (3)

18. "Foreign trade integrates the markets in different countries." Support the statements with arguments.    (3)

19. Explain with examples how can you use the right to seek redressal.   (3)

20. How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain.   (3)
How did Paul Bernard argue in favour of economic development of Vietnam? Explain.

21. How do banks an important role in the economy of India? Explain.   (5)

22. How did the 'Non-Cooperation Movement' spread in cities across the country? Explain its effects on the economic front.   (5)

23.  Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Cooperation (NTPC) for preserving he natural environment and resources.  (2+3=5)

24. "Globalisation and greater competition among producers has been advantageous consumers? Support the statement with examples.   (5)

25. Describe any five steps taken by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.    (5)
Describe any five steps taken by the French for the development of the 'Mekong Delta Region."

26. Why do we feel that democracy is a better form of government than any other form? Explain.

27. Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the importance of its different forms.   (1+4=5)

28. What is meant by a political party? Describe the three components of a political party.   (2+3=5)

29. Three features A, B and C are marked on the given political outline map of India (on page 9). Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names marked in the map.    (3×1=3)
A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.
B. The place associated with Peasant's Satyagraha.
C. The place related to calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement.

30. (30.1) Two features A and B are marked on the given political outline map of India (on page 11). Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map:    (2×1=2)
A. Iron-ore mines
B. Terminal Station of East-West Corridor

(30.2) On the same political outline map of India, locate and label of the following:   (1)
Vishakhapatnam - Software Technology Park.

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Features of Capitalist economy:

• Private property: It allows individuals to have right over property. They can use their property in the way, they like.

• Economic Freedom: Capitalist economy grants freedom to decide. The producer will decide 'what to produce'. Also, consumers have the freedom to buy anything they want.

• Profit making: The main motive of capitalism is profit. All the decisions taken by individuals are for making more profit.

• Price mechanism: Prices of commodities are determined by the demand and supply factor without any interference by the government or any external forces.

• Less role of government: The government only provides basic framework for the smooth functioning of economy. It does not take part in day-to-day economic activity.

• Competition: It means presence of large number of buyers and sellers in the market. There is fair competition between them that determines the production, consumption and distribution of goods and services.

• Laissez Faire: Capitalist economy works under Laissez Faire. It has minimum state intervention in economic activities.

3. Describe the four major sectors in an economy according to the macroeconomics point of view.

Answer

According to the macroeconomics point of view, four major sectors in an economy are described below:

• Household Sector: Households buys goods and services to satisfy their wants. This sector spends their income for purchasing goods and services and paying taxes.

• Firms: This sector employ and organise factors of production and engaged in production various goods and services for profit making.

• Government: This sector frames and enforce laws and delivers justice. They impose taxes and spend money on building public infrastructure, running schools, colleges, providing health services etc. In many instances, they also undertake production activities however their motive is not to earn profits.

• External Sector: This sector is engaged in external trade i.e., exports and imports of goods and services. When domestic country sell goods to the rest of the world then it is called experts and when goods and services are purchased from the rest of the world it is called imports.

4. Describe the Great Depression of 1929.

The Great Depression was an economic crisis started in 1929 and continued for next several next years. It began in the United States of America after the stock market crash. The main cause behind it was the fall of aggregate demand due to under consumption and over investment. The output and employment levels in the countries of Europe and North America fall by huge amounts. It affected the whole world. The demand of the goods in the market during this period was very low so production was also lowered which lead to unemployment. In USA, from 1929 to 1933, unemployment rate rose from 3 per cent to 25 per cent.

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