CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Computer Science (New) 2018-19

May 11, 2018, 11:29 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Computer Science (New) 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Computer Science (New) (083) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

This computer syllabus is optional for the academic year 2019-20 and mandatory for the academic year 2020-21 onwards.

The question paper will be of 100 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 30 marks. The Question paper will consist of 33 questions.

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
1.	Programming and Computational Thinking - 1	35
2.	Computer Systems and Organisation	10
3.	Data Management - 1	15
4.	Society, Law and Ethics - 1	10
	Total	70

S. No.	Unit Name	Marks (Total=30)
1.	Lab Test (12 marks)
	Python program (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20% code quality)	8
	SQL program (at least 4 queries)	4
2.	Report File + viva (10 marks)
	Report file: Minimum 20 Python programs and 8 SQL commands	7
	Viva voce (based on the report file)	3
3.	Project (that uses most of the concepts that have been learnt)	8

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CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Computer Science (Old) 2018-19

May 12, 2018, 2:56 am

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Latest CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Computer Science (Old) 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Computer Science (Old) (083) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 100 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 30 marks. The Question paper will consist of 33 questions.

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
1.	Computer Fundamentals	10
2.	Programming Technology	12
3.	Introduction to C++	14
4.	Programming to C++	34
	Total	70

Class XI (Practical) – C++

The duration practical will be of 3 Hours and total marks will be of 30 marks.

1. Programming in C++

2. Project Work: Problems using String, Number, array and structure manipulation.

3. Practical File

4. Viva Voce: Viva will be asked from the syllabus covered in class XI and the project developed by the student(s).

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CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Informatics Practices (Old) 2018-19

May 12, 2018, 1:17 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Informatics Practices (Old) 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Informatics Practices (Old) (065) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
1.	Introduction to Computer systems	10
2.	Introduction to Programming	25
3.	Relational Database Management System	30
4.	IT Applications	05
	Total	70

Practicals

S. No.	Description	Marks
1.	Problem solving using Java	10
2.	SQL queries	05
3.	Practical Records: Application of Productivity Tools (WP,Spreadsheets,Presentation) 2 Simple problems using Java 2 SQL Queries	06
4.	Project Work :IT Applications	05
5.	Viva Voce	04
	Total	30

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R.D. Sharma Solutions Class 9th: Ch 1 Number System Exercise 1.5

May 13, 2018, 11:18 am

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Chapter 1 Number System R.D. Sharma Solutions for Class 9th Math Exercise 1.5

Exercise 1.5

1. Complete the following sentences:

(i) Every point on the number line corresponds to a .... number which many be either ... or ...

(ii) The decimal form of an irrational number is neither ... nor ...

(iii) The decimal representation of a rational number is either ... or ...

(iv) Every real number is either ... number or ... number.

Solution

(iv) Every real number is either rational number or an irrational number because rational or an irrational number is a family of real number.

2. Represent √6, √7 ,√8 on the number line.

Solution

We are asked to represent √6, √7 ,√8 on the number line
We will follow certain algorithm to represent these numbers on real line
We will consider point A as reference point to measure the distance

3. Represent √3.5, √9.4 ,√10.5 on the number line .

Solution

We are asked to represent the real numbers √3.5 , √9.4 , √10.5 on the real number line
We will follow a certain algorithm to represent these numbers on real number line .

4. Find whether the following statement are true or false.
(i) Every real number is either rational or irrational.
(ii) π is an irrational number.
(iii) Irrational numbers cannot be represented by points on the number line.

Solution

(i) True, because rational or an irrational number is a family of real number. So every real number is either rational or an irrational number.

(ii) True, because the decimal representation of an irrational is always non-terminating or non-repeating. So π = 3.141..... is an irrational number.

(iii) False, because we can represent irrational numbers by points on the number line.

↧

R.D. Sharma Solutions Class 9th: Ch 1 Number System Exercise 1.6

May 13, 2018, 1:43 pm

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Chapter 1 Number System R.D. Sharma Solutions for Class 9th Math Exercise 1.6

Exercise 1.6

1. Visualise 2.665 on the number line, using successive magnification.

Solution

We know that 2.665 lies between 2 and 3. So, we divide the number line into 10 equal parts
and mark each point of division. The first mark on the right of 2 will be 2.1 followed by 2.2 and so on. The point left of 3 will be 2.9. Now, the magnified view of this will show that 2.665 lies between 2.6 and2.7. So, our focus will be now 2.6 and 2.7. We divide this again into 10 equal parts. The first part will be2.61 followed by 2.62 and so on. We now magnify this again and find that 2.665 lies between 2.66 and 2.67. So, we magnify this portion and divide it again into 10 equal parts. The first part will represent 2.661, next will be 2.662 and so on.So, 2.665 will be 5th mark in this subdivision as shown in the figure.

2. Visualise the representation of 5.37 on the number line upto 5 decimal place, that is upto 5.37777

Solution

First, we see that 5.37 is located between 5 and 6. In the next step, we locate 5.37 between 5.3 and 5.4. To get a more accurate visualization of the representation, we divide this portion of the number line into 10 equal parts and use a magnifying glass to visualize that 5.37 lies between 5.37 and 5.38. To visualize 5.37 more accurately, we again divide the portion between 5.37 and 5.38 into ten equal parts and use a magnifying glass to visualize that 5.37 lies between 5.377 and 5.378. Now to visualize 5.37 still more accurately, we divide the portion between 5.377 and 5.378 into 10 equal parts, and visualize the representation of 5.37 as in Fig. 1.3 (iv). We notice that 5.37 is located closer to 5.3778 than to 5.3777.

↧

CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Informatics Practices (New) 2018-19

May 14, 2018, 5:12 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Informatics Practices (New) 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 11th Syllabus of Informatics Practices (New) (065) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

This computer syllabus is optional for the academic year 2019-20 and mandatory for the academic year 2020-21 onwards.

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
1.	Programming and Computational Thinking	30
2.	Data Handling - 1	20
3.	Data Management - 1	10
4.	Society, Law and Ethics - 1	10
	Total	70

Practicals

S. No.	Description	Marks
1.	Lab Test (12 marks)
	Python programs to test PCT (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20% code quality)	04
	Python programs to test data handling (same rules as above)	04
	SQL program (at least 4 queries)	04
2.	Report File + viva (10 marks)
	Report file: Minimum 20 Python programs (PCT + DH) and at least 8 SQL commands	07
	Viva voce (based on the report file)	03
3.	Project (that uses most of the concepts that have been learnt) See IP-2 for the rules regarding the projects.	08
	Total	30

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Physics 2018-19

May 15, 2018, 12:00 am

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Latest CBSE Class 12 Syllabus of Physics 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus of Physics (Code No. 042) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practicals will be conducted of 30 marks.

The Question paper will consist of 27 questions. All questions would be compulsory. However, there is an internal choice in one question of 2 marks weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all the three questions of 5 marks weightage.

Unit		Marks
I	Electrostatics	15
II	Current Electricity	15
III	Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism	16
IV	Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents	16
V	Electromagnetic Waves	17
VI	Optics	17
VII	Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter	10
VIII	Atoms and Nuclei	10
IX	Electronic Devices	12
X	Communication Systems	12
	Total	70

Unit I - Physical World and Measurement

• Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
• Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Unit II - Kinematics

• Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Unit III - Laws of Motion

• Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
• Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Unit IV - Work, Energy and Power

• Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
• Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Unit V - Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

• Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Unit VI - Gravitation

• Chapter–8: Gravitation

Unit VII - Properties of Bulk Matter

• Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

• Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Unit VIII - Thermodynamics

• Chapter–12: Atoms
• Chapter–13: Nuclei

Unit IX - Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases

• Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Unit X - Oscillations and Waves

• Chapter–15: Communication Systems

Question Wise Break up

Type of Question	Mark per Question	Total No. of Questions	Total Marks
VSA	1	5	05
SA-I	2	5	10
SA-II	3	12	36
VBQ	4	1	04
LA	5	3	15
Total		26	70

Practicals: 30 Marks

Two experiments one from each section	8+8 Marks
Practical record (experiment and activities)	6 Marks
Investigatory Project	3 Marks
Viva on experiments, activities and project	5 Marks
Total	30 Marks

List of Experiments

• The record to be submitted by the students at the time of their annual examination has to include:

→ Record of at least 15 Experiments [with a minimum of 6 from each section], to be performed by the students.

→ Record of at least 5 Activities [with a minimum of 2 each from section A and section B], to be demonstrated by the teachers.

→ The Report of the project to be carried out by the students.

Section–A

1. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.
2. To find resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the resistivity (specific resistance) of its material.
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.
4. To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
5. To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using potentiometer.
6. To determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer.
7. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
8. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
9. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.
10. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.
Activities
(For the purpose of demonstration only)
1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using multimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

Section–B

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and
angle of deviation.
6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
7. To find refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror.
8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
9. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break down voltage.
10. To study the characteristic of a common - emitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the values of current and
voltage gains.
Activities
(For the purpose of demonstration only)
1. To identify a diode, an LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
2. Use of multimeter to (i) identify base of transistor, (ii) distinguish between npn and pnp type transistors, (iii) see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED, (iv) check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode, transistor or IC) is in working order.
3. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
5. To observe polarization of light using two Polaroids.
6. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

Prescribed Books:

• Physics Part-I, Textbook for Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Physics Part-II, Textbook for Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Laboratory Manual of Physics, Class XII Published by NCERT

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of English Elective CBSE 2018-19

May 17, 2018, 12:52 am

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Latest CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 of English Elective CBSE 2018-19

CBSE has released the Class 12th syllabus of English Elective CBSE (101). There is no major change has been made in the syllabus and the pattern and it is same as the previous year. The question paper will be of 100 marks.

Section A (Reading Skills) - 20 Marks

Two unseen passages (including poems) with a variety of questions including 04 marks for vocabulary such as word formation and inferring meaning.
1. 550-600 words in length (for note-making and summarising)
2. 450-500 words in length (to test comprehension)

The passage could be of any one of the following types:
• Factual passages
• Discursive passages
• Literary passages

Section B (Writing Skills and Grammar) - 40 Marks

• Short Answer Question: Notices, advertisements, factual description of people, places and objects, drafting posters, drafting, accepting and declining invitations.

• Long Answer Question: Letter of any of the following types based on a verbal or visual input:
a) Official letters for making inquiries, suggesting changes - registering and responding to complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies.
b) Letters to the editor on various social, national and international issues.
c) Application for a job including CV (Curriculum Vitae) / Resumé.

• Very Long Answer Question: Writing a speech, an article for a magazine or a report based on verbal/visual input.

Grammar

Very Short Questions and Multiple Choice Questions
• Reordering of words and sentences
• Composing a dialogue based on a given input
• Error correction in sentences
• Drafting questions / questionnaires based on given input

Section C (Literature: Prescribed Books and Long Reading Text) - 40 Marks

• Very Short and Short Answer Questions: Two out of three extracts from different poems to test theme, setting and literary devices.
• Short Answer Questions: Based on different prose / drama / poetry / pieces from the Literature Reader; to test local and global comprehension of ideas and languages used in the text.
• Long Answer Question: Extended questions based on one of the prose texts or play in the Literature Reader to test global comprehension and for extrapolation beyond the text.
• Long Answer Questions: To test understanding, appreciation, analysis, inference in a plot and writing a character sketch.

Prescribed Books:

1. Language Skills book - Class XII English Elective CBSE published by Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi.
2. Literature Reader - Class XII English Elective CBSE published by Central Board of Secondary Education, Delhi.
3. Extended Reading Text (Either one)
i) The Invisible Man (unabridged) - H.G. Wells
ii) Silas Marner (unabridged) - George Eliot

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of English Elective NCERT 2018-19

May 17, 2018, 10:29 am

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Latest CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 of English Elective NCERT 2018-19

CBSE has released the Class 12th syllabus of English Elective NCERT (101). There is no major change has been made in the syllabus and the pattern and it is same as the previous year. The question paper will be of 100 marks.

Section A (Reading Skills) - 20 Marks

1. 10 Very Short Answer Questions from a literary or discursive passage of about 950-1000 words .(1×10=10 marks)

2. 05 Short Answer Questions to be answered in 50-60 words from a poem of about 24 - 28 lines.(2×5=10 marks)

Section B (Creative Writing Skills and Applied Grammar) - 30 Marks

3. Two Long Answer Question to be answered in 80-100 words:
A short discursive, interpretative writing(5×2=10 marks)

4. One Very Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 150-200 words:
An essay on an argumentative/discursive topic such as an article/report/speech. (10×1=10 marks)

5. Very Short Answer Questions: Transformation of Sentences: (10 marks)

Section C (Literature Textbook: Kaleidoscope) - 30 Marks

6. Four Short Answer Questions to be answered in 50-60 words each , taken from two extracts out of the three. (2×4=8 marks)

7. Two Long Answer Question out of three to be answered in 80-100 words. (5×2=10 marks)

8. Two Long Answer Questions out of three to be answered in 120-150 words. (6×2=12 marks)

Section D (Fiction) - 20 Marks

9. Two Long Answer Questions out of three to be answered in 80-100 words. (2×5=10 marks)

10. One Very Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 150-200 words. (1×10=10 marks)

Prescribed Books:

1. Kaleidoscope - Text book published by NCERT

2. Fiction: A Tiger for Malgudi or The Financial Expert by R.K. Narayan (Novel) Fiction

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Notes of Ch 4 Quadratic Equations | Class 10th Maths

May 17, 2018, 12:35 pm

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Study Materials and Revision Notes for Ch 4 Quadratic Equations Class 10th Maths

Quadratic Equations
Roots of a Quadratic Equation
Number Roots
Methods for solving Quadratic Equation
Discriminant
Nature of Roots

Quadratic Equations: A quadratic equation is in the form of ax²+ bx + c = 0 where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
Example: (i) 3x² + 4y - 6 = 0
(ii) 2x² + 6 = 0

Roots of a Quadratic Equation

Let ax² + bx + c = 0, be a quadratic equation. If α is a root of this equation. It means x = α satisfies this equation i.e., aα² + bα + c = 0

Number of Roots

A quadratic equation has two roots. The roots may or may not be real.

Methods For Solving Quadratic Equation

There are three methods for solving quadratic equation:
(a) By factorization
(b) By completing the square
(c) By Quadratic Formula

By Factorization

Only real roots are found by factorization. If we can factorize ax² + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, into a product of two linear factors, then the roots of this quadratic equation can be calculated by equating each factor to zero.

For example:
x² – 3x – 10 = 0
⇒ x² - 5x + 2x - 10 = 0
⇒ x(x - 5) + 2(x - 5) = 0
⇒ (x - 5)(x + 2) = 0
Roots of this equation are the values for which (x - 5)(x + 2) = 0

∴ x - 5 = 0 or x + 2 = 0

⇒ x = 5 or x = -2

By completing the square method

A quadratic equation can also be solved by the method of completing the square. We will try to convert the given equation in the form of (a+b)²or (a-b)².

For example:

2x² – 7x + 3 = 0
⇒ 2x² – 7x = - 3
On dividing both sides of the equation by 2, we get

⇒ x² – 7x/2 = -3/2

⇒ x² – 2 × x × 7/4 = -3/2
On adding (7/4)² to both sides of equation, we get
⇒ (x)²- 2 × x × 7/4 + (7/4)² = (7/4)² - 3/2

⇒ (x - 7/4)² = 49/16 - 3/2
⇒ (x - 7/4)² = 25/16
⇒ (x - 7/4) = ± 5/4
⇒ x = 7/4 ± 5/4
⇒ x = 7/4 + 5/4 or x = 7/4 - 5/4
⇒ x = 12/4 or x = 2/4
⇒ x = 3 or 1/2

Quadratic Formula

To find roots of ax² + bx + c = 0 is given by

We will solve a question using quadratic formula.

4x² + 4√3x + 3 = 0
On comparing this equation with ax² + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 4, b = 4√3 and c = 3
By using quadratic formula, we get
x = -b±√b² - 4ac/2a
⇒ x = -4√3±√48-48/8
⇒ x = -4√3±0/8
∴ x = -√3/2 or x = -√3/2

Discriminant

For the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0 the expression is called the discriminant and denoted by D. Then the roots of the quadratic equation are given by

Nature of roots

The nature of roots for ax² + bx + c = 0 can be determined through discriminant.
(i) If D 0, then roots are real and unequal.
(ii) D=0, then the equation has equal and real roots.
(iii) D<0, then the equation has no real roots

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Chemistry 2018-19

May 17, 2018, 10:01 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 12 Syllabus of Chemistry 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus of Chemistry (Code No. 043) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practicals will be conducted of 30 marks.

The Question paper will consist of 26 questions. All questions would be compulsory. However, there is an internal choice in one question of 2 marks weightage, one question of 3 marks weightage and all the three questions of 5 marks weightage.

Unit		Marks
I	Solid State	11
II	Solutions
III	Electrochemistry
IV	Chemical Kinetics
V	Surface Chemistry
VI	General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements	21
VII	p -Block Elements
VIII	d -and f -Block Elements
IX	Coordination Compounds
X	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	16
XI	Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
XII	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
XIII	Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen
XIV	Biomolecules
XIV	Polymers
XIV	Chemistry in Everyday Life
	Total	70

Question Wise Breakup:

Type of Question	Mark per Question	Total No. of Questions	Total Marks
VSA	1	5	05
SA-I	2	5	10
SA-II	3	12	36
VBQ	4	1	04
LA	5	3	15
Total		26	70

Practicals: 30 Marks

Volumetric Analysis	8 Marks
Salt Analysis	8 Marks
Content Based Experiment	6 Marks
Project Work	4 Marks
Class record and viva	4 Marks
Total	30 Marks

List of Experiments

Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments.
Wherever possible, such techniques should be used.

A. Surface Chemistry
(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol Lyophilic sol - starch, egg albumin and gum
Lyophobic sol - aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.
(b) Dialysis of sol-prepared in (a) above.
(c) Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different oils.

B. Chemical Kinetics
(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate
and Hydrochloric acid.
(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:
(i) Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using different
concentration of Iodide ions.
(ii) Reaction between Potassium Iodate, (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite: (Na2SO3) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).

C. Thermochemistry
Any one of the following experiments
i) Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.
ii) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCI) and strong base (NaOH).
iii) Determination of enthaply change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between Acetone and Chloroform.

D. Electrochemistry
Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+|| Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.

E. Chromatography
i) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.
ii) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only
(constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

F. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds
i) Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.
ii) Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

G. Preparation of Organic Compounds
Preparation of any one of the following compounds
i) Acetanilide
ii) Di -benzal Acetone
iii) p-Nitroacetanilide
iv) Aniline yellow or 2 - Naphthol Aniline dye.

H. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:
Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

I. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given
food stuffs.

J. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:
i) Oxalic acid,ss
ii) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate
(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

K. Qualitative Analysis
(a) Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
Cations- Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺,Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺
, [NH₄]⁺Anions – [CO₃]^2-, S^2-, [SO₃]^2-, [SO₄]^2-, [NO₃]^-, Cl^-,Br^-, I^-, [PO₄]³-, [C₂O₄]^2-, CH₃COO^-
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Math 2018-19

May 17, 2018, 10:38 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Math 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus of Math (Code No. 041) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 100 marks. The question paper contains 29 questions. No chapter wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters. There will be no overall choice in the question paper. However, 30% internal choices will be given in 4 marks and 6 marks questions.

S. No.	Units	Marks
I	Relations and Functions	10
II	Algebra	13
III	Calculus	44
IV	Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry	17
V	Linear Programming	06
VI	Probability	10
	Total	100

Unit-I: Sets and Functions

• Relations & Functions

• Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Unit-II: Algebra

• Matrices

• Determinants

Unit-III: Calculus

• Continuity and Differentiability

• Applications of Derivatives

• Integrals
• Applications of the Integrals
• Differential Equations

Unit-IV: Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry

• Vectors
• Three - dimensional Geometry

Unit-V: Linear Programming

• Linear Programming

Unit-VI: Probability

• Probability

Question Wise Breakup

Type of Question	Mark per Question	Total No. of Questions	Total Marks
VSA	1	4	04
SA	2	8	16
LA-I	4	11	44
LA-II	6	6	36
Total		29	100

Choice(s):
There will be no overall choice in the question paper.
However, 30% internal choices will be given in 4 marks and 6 marks questions.

Prescribed Books:

• Mathematics Textbook for Class XII, NCERT Publications
• Mathematics Exemplar problems for class XII, NCERT publication

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Biology 2018-19

May 19, 2018, 12:51 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Biology 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus of Biology (Code No. 044) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practicals will be conducted of 30 marks.

Unit		Marks
VI	Reproduction	14
VII	Genetics and Evolution	18
VIII	Biology and Human Welfare	14
IX	Biotechnology and its Applications	10
X	Ecology and Environment	14
	Total	70

Unit VI - Reproduction

• Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms

• Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Chapter-3: Human Reproduction

• Chapter-4: Reproductive Health

Unit VII - Genetics and Evolution

• Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
• Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
• Chapter-7: Evolution

Unit VIII - Biology and Human Welfare

• Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases

• Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

• Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Unit IX - Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and processes

• Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application

Unit VI - Ecology and Environment

• Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
• Chapter-14: Ecosystem
• Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
• Chapter-16: Environmental Issues

Question Wise Break up

Type of Question	Mark per Question	Total No. of Questions	Total Marks
VSA	1	5	05
SA-I	2	5	10
SA-II	3	12	36
VBQ	4	1	04
LA	5	3	15
Total		26	70

Practicals: 30 Marks

Evaluation Scheme
One Major Experiment Part A (Expt. No. 5, 6, 8, 9)	5 Marks
One Minor Experiment Part A (Expt. No. 2, 3, 4)	4 Marks
Slide Preparation Part A (Expt. No. 1, 7)	5 Marks
Spotting Part B	7 Marks
Practical Record + Viva Voce	4 Marks
Project Record + Viva Voce	5 Marks
Total	30 Marks

List of Experiments

1. Study pollen germination on a slide.
2. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.
3. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.
4. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites.
5. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
6. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
7. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
8. Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.
9. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Hindi Core 2018-19

May 20, 2018, 10:16 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Hindi Core 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Hindi Core (Code No. 302) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is some changes made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 100 marks.

प्रश्न पत्र को तीन खंडों में बाँटा गया है
(क) खंड 'क' - अपठित अंश - 16 अंक
(ख) खंड 'ख' - रचनात्मक लेखन - 20 अंक
(ग) खंड 'ग' - पाठ्यपुस्तक से प्रश्न - 44 अंक
(घ) (क) श्रवण वाचन - 10 अंक
(ख) परियोजना - 10 अंक
कुल - 100 अंक

खंड 'क' - अपठित अंश - 16 अंक

1. अपठित गद्यांश - [बोध, प्रयोग, रचनांतरण, शीर्षक पर लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (1×2 अंक) + 5 लघुत्तरात्मक (2×5)] - 12 अंक
2. अपठित काव्यांश - (1×4 लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न) - 4 अंक

खंड 'ख' - रचनात्मक लेखन - 20 अंक

3. अनुच्छेद (विकल्प सहित)- 5 अंक
4. कार्यालयी पत्र (विकल्प सहित) - 5 अंक
5. प्रिंट माध्यम, सम्पादकीय, रिपोर्ट, आलेख आदि पर चार अतिलघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न - 4 अंक
6. आलेख अथवा हाल ही में पढ़ी पुस्तक की समीक्षा - 3 अंक
7. जीवन-संदर्भों से जुड़ी घटनाओं और स्थितियों पर फीचर लेखन - 3 अंक

खंड 'ग' - पाठ्यपुस्तक से प्रश्न - 44 अंक

• आरोह भाग 2

→ काव्य भाग
7. दो काव्यांशों में से किसी एक पर अर्थग्रहण के तीन प्रश्न (2×3) - 6 अंक
8. किसी एक काव्यांश के सौंदर्यबोध पर दो प्रश्न (2×2) - 4 अंक
9. कविताओं की विषय-वस्तु से संबंधित दो लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (3×2) - 6 अंक

→ गद्य भाग
10. गद्यांश पर आधारित अर्थग्रहण के तीन प्रश्न (2×3) - 6 अंक
11. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर आधारित चार बोधात्मक प्रश्न (3×3) (1×1)- 10 अंक

• वितान भाग 2 (पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक)

12. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर आधारित एक प्रश्न (विकल्प सहित) - 4 अंक
13. विषयवस्तु पर आधारित दो निबंधात्मक प्रश्न (4×2) - 8 अंक

प्रस्तावित पुस्तकें:

• आरोह भाग 2 एन.सी.ई.आर.टी द्वारा प्रकाशित
• वितान भाग 2 एन.सी.ई.आर.टी द्वारा प्रकाशित
• अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम - एन.सी.ई.आर.टी द्वारा प्रकाशित

निम्नलिखित पाठों से प्रश्न नहीं पूछे जायेंगें-
आरोह (भाग-2)

• बादल राग

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Hindi Elective 2018-19

May 20, 2018, 11:14 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Hindi Elective 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Hindi Elective (Code No. 002) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is some changes made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 100 marks.

प्रश्न पत्र को तीन खंडों में बाँटा गया है
(क) खंड 'क' - अपठित अंश - 16 अंक
(ख) खंड 'ख' - रचनात्मक लेखन - 20 अंक
(ग) खंड 'ग' - पाठ्यपुस्तक से प्रश्न - 44 अंक
(घ) (क) श्रवण वाचन - 10 अंक
(ख) परियोजना - 10 अंक
कुल - 100 अंक

खंड 'क' - अपठित अंश - 20 अंक

1. अपठित गद्यांश - [बोध, प्रयोग, रचनांतरण, शीर्षक पर लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (1×1 अंक) + 5 लघुत्तरात्मक (2×5)] - 11 अंक
2. अपठित काव्यांश - (1×5 लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न) - 5 अंक

खंड 'ख' - कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन - 20 अंक

3. किसी एक विषय पर निबंध (विकल्प सहित)- 8 अंक
4. कार्यालयी पत्र (विकल्प सहित) - 5 अंक
5. जनसंचार माध्यम और पत्रकारिता के विविध आयामों पर चार अति लघुत्तरात्मक प्रश्न- - 4 अंक
6. रचनात्मक लेखन पर एक प्रश्न - 3 अंक

खंड 'ग' - पाठ्यपुस्तक से प्रश्न - 44 अंक

• अंतरा भाग 2

→ काव्य भाग
7. दो काव्यांशों में से किसी एक काव्यांश की सप्रसंग व्याख्या - 6 अंक
8. कविता के कथ्य पर दो प्रश्न (2×2) तीन में से दो प्रश्न - 4 अंक
9. कविता के काव्य सौंदर्य पर दो प्रश्न (3×2) - 6 अंक

→ गद्य भाग
10. दो गद्यांशों में से किसी एक गद्यांश की सप्रसंग व्याख्या (विकल्प सहित) - 5 अंक
11. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर दो प्रश्न (तीन में से दो )- 6 अंक

• अंतराल भाग 2 (पूरक पाठ्य पुस्तक)

12. पाठों की विषयवस्तु पर आधारित एक प्रश्न (विकल्प सहित) - 4 अंक
13. विषयवस्तु पर आधारित दो निबंधात्मक प्रश्न (4×2) तीन में से दो प्रश्न - 8 अंक

प्रस्तावित पुस्तकें:

• अन्तरा भाग 2 एन.सी.ई.आर.टी द्वारा प्रकाशित
• अंतराल भाग 2 एन.सी.ई.आर.टी द्वारा प्रकाशित

• Download Class 11th Syllabus of English Core 2018-19
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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Economics 2018-19

May 21, 2018, 10:04 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Economics 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Economics (Code No. 030) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern. However, there are some changes made in the textbook.

The question paper will be of 80 marks. Project Work will be conducted of 20 marks.

The Question paper will consist of 24 questions. All questions would be compulsory. There will be Internal Choice in questions of 3 marks, 4 marks and 6 marks in both sections (A and B). (Total 3 internal choices in section A and total 3 internal choices in section B).

Units		Marks
Part A	Introductory Microeconomics	40
Part B	Introductory Macroeconomics	40
	Theory Paper (Total)	80
Part C	Project Work	20

Part A - Statistics for Economics

• Unit 1: Introduction

• Unit 2: Consumer's Equilibrium and Demand

• Unit 3: Producer Behaviour and Supply

• Unit 4: Forms of Market and Price Determination under Perfect Competition with simple applications

Part B - Indian Economic Development

• Unit 5: National Income and Related Aggregates

• Unit 6: Money and Banking

• Unit 7: Determination of Income and Employment

• Unit 8: Government Budget and the Economy

• Unit 9: Balance of Payments

Part C - Project Work

• Students are supposed to pick any ONE of the two suggested projects.

1. Project (Option One) : What’s Going Around Us

• Suggestive List
1. Micro and small scale industries
2. Food supply channel in India
3. Contemporary employment situation in India
4. Disinvestment policy
5. Health expenditure (of any state)
6. Goods and Services Tax Act
7. Inclusive growth strategy
8. Human Development Index
9. Self help groups
10. Any other topic

2. Project (Option Two): Analyse any concept from the syllabus

• Suggested List

1. Price Determination

2. Price Discrimination

3. Opportunity Cost

4. Production Possibility Curve

5. Demand and its determinants

6. Supply and its determinants

7. Production – Returns to a Factor

8. Cost function and Cost Curves

9. Monopoly

10. Oligopoly

11. Monopolistic Competition

12. Credit Creation

13. Money Multiplier

14. Central Bank and its functions

15. Government Budget & its Components

16. Budget deficit

17. Exchange Rate Systems

18. Foreign Exchange Markets

19. Balance of payments

20. Any other topic

Prescribed Books:

• Introductory Micro Economics, Class XII, NCERT
• Macro Economics, Class XII, NCERT
• Supplementary Reading Material in Economics, Class XII, CBSE

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Accountancy 2018-19

May 21, 2018, 11:42 pm

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Accountancy 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Accountancy (Code No. 055) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern. However, there are some changes made in the textbook.

The question paper will be of 80 marks. Project Work will be conducted of 20 marks.

The Question paper will consist of 23 questions. All questions would be compulsory. All questions carrying 8 marks will have internal choice.

Units
Marks
Part A Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies 60
Part B Financial Statement Analysis 20

Theory Paper (Total) 80
Part C Project Work 20

OR

Units
Marks
Part A Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies 60
Part B Computerized Accounting 20

Theory Paper (Total) 80
Part C Practical Work 20

Part A - Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies

• Unit 1. Accounting for Partnership Firms
• Unit 2. Accounting for Companies

Part B - Financial Statement Analysis

• Unit 3. Analysis of Financial Statements
• Unit 4. Cash Flow Statement

OR

Part B - Computerized Accounting

• Unit 3. Computerized Accounting

Part C - Practical Work

• Practical File: 4 Marks
• Practical Examination 12 Marks (One Hour)
• Viva Voce 4 Marks

Note: Kindly refer to the Guidelines published by the CBSE.

Prescribed Books:

• Financial Accounting-I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT
• Financial Accounting-II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Business Studies 2018-19

May 23, 2018, 12:05 am

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Business Studies 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Business Studies (Code No. 054) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 90 marks. Project Work will be conducted of 10 marks.

The Question paper will consist of 27 questions. All questions would be compulsory.

Units
Marks
Part A Principles and Functions of Management 50
Part B Business Finance and Marketing 30

Theory Paper (Total) 80
Part C Project Work 20

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

• Nature and Significance of Management
• Principles of Management
• Business Environment
• Planning
• Organising
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing

• Financial Management
• Financial Markets
• Marketing Management
• Consumer Protection

Part C: Project Work

As per CBSE guidelines

Initiative, cooperativeness and participation 1 Mark
Creativity in presentation 1 Mark
Content, observation and research work 2 Marks
Analysis of situations 2 Marks
Viva 4 Marks
Total
10 Marks

Prescribed Books:

• Business Studies Textbook, Published by NCERT

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Entrepreneurship 2018-19

May 23, 2018, 4:04 am

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Entrepreneurship 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Entrepreneurship (Code No. 066) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 70 marks. Project Work will be conducted of 30 marks.

The Question paper will consist of 24 questions. All questions would be compulsory.

S. No.	Unit	Marks
1	Entrepreneurial Opportunities	30
2	Entrepreneurial Planning	30
3	Enterprise Marketing	20
4	Enterprise Growth Strategies	20
6	Business Arithmetic	20
7	Resource Mobilization	20
	Project Work	30
	Total	100

Project Work (Any Three)

• Business Plan
• Survey

Prescribed Books:

• Entrepreneurship - Class XII- C.B.S.E, Delhi

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CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Geography 2018-19

May 23, 2018, 10:01 am

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Latest CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Geography 2018-19

CBSE has released the CBSE Class 12th Syllabus of Geography (Code No. 029) for the session 2018-19. The new session has started and board updated the new syllabus. There is no change made in the syllabus and exam pattern.

The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 30 marks.

The Question paper will consist of 22 questions. All questions would be compulsory. No Chapterwise weightage, care to be taken to cover chapters in both books.

S. No.	Unit	Marks
Part A	Fundamentals of Human Geography	35
Part B	India: People and Economy	35
Part C	Practical Work	30
	Total	100

Part A - Fundamentals of Physical Geography

• Unit-1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope

• Unit-2: People

• Unit-3: Human Activities

• Unit-4: Transport, Communication and Trade

• Unit-5: Human Settlements

Part B - India-Physical Environment

• Unit-7: People

• Unit-8: Human Settlements

• Unit-9: Resources and Development

• Unit-10: Transport, Communication and International Trade
• Unit 11: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

• Map and diagram: 5 Marks

Part C - Practical Work

• Unit-1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

• Unit-2: Field Study or Spatial Information Technology

• Practical Record Book and Viva : 5 Marks

Prescribed Books:

• Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, Published by NCERT
• India - People and Economy, Class XII, Published by NCERT
• Practical Work in Geography, Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Download Class 11th Syllabus of English Core 2018-19
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• Download Class 11th Syllabus of Biology 2018-19

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• Download Class 11th Syllabus of Accountancy 2018-19

• Download Class 11th Syllabus of Entrepreneurship 2018-19

• Download Class 11th Syllabus of Geography 2018-19

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