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CBSE Class 11 Syllabus 2020-21 All Subjects

CBSE has released Class 11 revised syllabus of all subjects English, Hindi Core and Elective, Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Sanskrit, History, Political Science, Geography, Psychology, Sociology, Computer and Home Science. Keeping in the view of Coronavirus pandemic, the board has decided to reduce syllabus by 30 percent.

According to Board 'The prevailing health emergency in the country and at different parts of the world as well as the efforts to contain the spread of Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in loss of class room teaching due to closure of schools. Therefore the Board has decided to revise the syllabi for classes IX-XII for the academic session 2020-21.'

CBSE in their statement added 'Considering the importance of achieving the level of learning, the syllabus has been rationalised to the extent possible by retaining the core concepts. The Heads of Schools and Teachers may ensure that the topics that have been reduced are also explained to the students to the extent required to connect different topics. However the reduced syllabus will not be part of the topics for Internal Assessment and year-end Board Examination.'

CBSE recently also notified 'Deleted Portion only for the purpose of Annual Examination-2021. This has to be read along with the revised syllabus and also with the Alternative Calendar of NCERT.'

Various topics have been dropped from the syllabus such as in Maths difference of sets, equation of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines and various others. In Political Science Syllabus, the board removed federalism, secularism and nationalism chapters. Also, in English and Hindi, the board has decided to remove various stories and poems and also grammar section. To view detailed syllabus you can click on the subject wise syllabus below.

Check CBSE Class 11 Syllabus 2020-21 All Subjects:

CBSE Class 11 Physics Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Biology Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Applied Mathematics Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Accountancy Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Business Studies Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Economics Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Entrepreneurship Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 History Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Political Science Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Geography Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Psychology Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Sociology Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 English Core Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 English Elective Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Hindi Core Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Hindi Elective Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Computer Science Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Home Science Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Physical Education Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit Core Syllabus 2020-21
CBSE Class 11 Sanskrit Elective Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released revised Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2020-21 that will be helpful in knowing the important topics that will be coming the examinations. Due to coronavirus pandemic, the board has decided to reduce the syllabus by approx 30 percent. The theory paper will be of 70 marks while 30 marks will be awards to practicals and experimental work.

Unit		Marks
I	Electrostatics	16
II	Current Electricity	16
III	Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism	17
IV	Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents	17
V	Electromagnetic Waves	18
VI	Optics	18
VII	Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter	12
VIII	Atoms and Nuclei	12
IX	Electronic Devices	07
	Total	70

Unit I: Electrostatics

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.

Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.

Unit II: Current Electricity

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity; temperature dependence of resistance.

Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge(qualitative ideas only).

Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell(qualitative

ideas only)

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.

Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight and toroidal solenoids (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements.

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, AC generator and transformer.

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves

Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their Transverse nature (qualitative ideas only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI: Optics

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Ray Optics: Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker's formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen's principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle.

Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.

Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter–12: Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.

Chapter–13: Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus

Nuclear force

Mass-energy relation, mass defect, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Unit IX: Electronic Devices

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only).

Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell.

Practicals: 30 Marks

Two experiments one from each section	8+8 Marks
Practical record (experiment and activities)	7 Marks
Viva on experiments, and activities	7 Marks
Total	30 Marks

Section A

Experiments

1. To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.

2. To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using metre bridge.

To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.

To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.

3. To compare the EMF of two given primary cells using potentiometer.

To determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer.

4. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
OR

To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.

6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.

2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using multimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.

4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.

6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

Section B

Experiments

1. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.

2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.

To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.

3. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.

4. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.

5. To find refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror.

6. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias.

Activities

1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.

2. Use of multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.

3. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.

4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.

5. To observe polarization of light using two Polaroids.

6. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.

7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).

8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

Prescribed Books:

• Physics Part-I, Textbook for Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Physics Part-II, Textbook for Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Laboratory Manual of Physics, Class XII Published by NCERT

Download Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

You will find CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2020-21 here which will help you in knowing the important topics of the examinations. The board has decided to remove various topics from the syllabus due to ongoing health crisis. The annual examination will be of 70 marks, with a duration of three hours. while experiments, assignments and viva will be of 30 Marks.

Unit		Marks
I	Solid State	11
II	Solutions
III	Electrochemistry
IV	Chemical Kinetics
V	Surface Chemistry
VII	p -Block Elements	21
VIII	d -and f -Block Elements
IX	Coordination Compounds
X	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	16
XI	Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
XII	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
XIII	Amines
XIV	Biomolecules
	Total	70

Unit I: Solid State

Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic

solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three

dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids,

number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects.

Unit II: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in

liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure,

elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of

molecular masses using colligative properties.

Unit III: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to

chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic

solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration,

Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions).

Unit V: Surface Chemistry

Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids,
colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic,
multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian
movement, electrophoresis, coagulation.

Unit VII:p-Block Elements

Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states,
trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of
Nitrogen: preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid.

Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses, classification
of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: preparation properties and uses
of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).

Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and
uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures
only).

Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,
general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization
enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial
compounds, alloy formation.

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties
and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's
theory, VBT, and CFT.

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation
mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of
phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 10 Periods

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical
and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Unit XIII: Amines

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L

configuration

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of
proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

Practicals: 30 Marks

Volumetric Analysis	8 Marks
Salt Analysis	8 Marks
Content Based Experiment	6 Marks
Project Work	4 Marks
Class record and viva	4 Marks
Total	30 Marks

Practical syllabus

A.Chromatography

i) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and

determination of Rf values.

ii) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only

(constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

A. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.

Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

B. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

C. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their

detection in given foodstuffs.

D. Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO₄ solution by titrating it against a standard

solution of:

i) Oxalic acid,

ii) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

E. Qualitative analysis

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cation : Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ As³⁺, Aℓ³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH⁴⁺

Anions: (CO₃)^2-, S^2-, (SO₃)^2-, (NO₂)^-, (SO₄)^2-, Cℓ^-, Br^-, I^-, PO^3-₄, (C₂O₄)^2-, CH₃COO^-,NO_3-

Prescribed Books:

1. Chemistry Part -I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
2. Chemistry Part -II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.

Download Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2020-21. This year due to coronavirus pandemic, the board has decide to revise the syllabus and remove some topics to ease the pressure. The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practicals will be conducted of 30 marks.

Unit		Marks
VI	Reproduction	14
VII	Genetics and Evolution	18
VIII	Biology and Human Welfare	14
IX	Biotechnology and its Applications	12
X	Ecology and Environment	12
	Total	70

Unit-VI Reproduction

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in human being, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans -thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

Unit-X Ecology and Environment

Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations

Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

Biodiversity - Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Practicals: 30 Marks

Evaluation Scheme
One Major Experiment 5,6	5 Marks
One Minor Experiment 2,3	4 Marks
Slide Preparation Part A 1,4	5 Marks
Spotting Part B	7 Marks
Practical Record + Viva Voce	4 Marks
Investigatory Project and its Project and its Record + Viva Voce	5 Marks
Total	30 Marks

A. List of Experiments

1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.

2. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.

3. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.

4. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.

5. Study the effect of different temperatures or three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

6. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

B. Study/observation of the following (Spotting)

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
2. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
3. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
4. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
5. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak and colour blindness.
6. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus causing ringworm through permanent slides, models or virtual images. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
7. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.
8. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

Prescribed Books:

1. Biology, Class-XII, Published by NCERT

2. Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (including multimedia)

3. Biology Supplementary Material (Revised). Available on CBSE website.

Download Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2020-21 that are very useful in understanding the exam pattern and important topics. Due to ongoing health crisis, the board has also decided to remove some topics to ease the burden. The question paper will be of 80 marks while internal assessment will be given 20 marks.

S. No.	Units	Marks
I	Relations and Functions	08
II	Algebra	10
III	Calculus	35
IV	Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry	14
V	Linear Programming	05
VI	Probability	08
-	Internal Assessment	20
	Total	100

Unit-I: Relations and Functions

1. Relations and Functions

Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto

functions.

2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Definition, range, domain, principal value branch.

Unit-II: Algebra

1. Matrices

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Noncommutativity of multiplication of matrices, Invertible matrices; (Here all matrices will have real entries).

2. Determinants

Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

Unit-III: Calculus

1. Continuity and Differentiability

Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions.

Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives.

2. Applications of Derivatives

Applications of derivatives: increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as reallife situations).

3. Integrals

Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them.

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof).Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

4. Applications of the Integrals

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, parabolas; area of circles /ellipses (in standard form only) (the region should be clearly identifiable).

5. Differential Equations

Unit-IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

1. Vectors

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors.

2. Three - dimensional Geometry

Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.

Unit-V: Linear Programming

1. Linear Programming

Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems. graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

Unit-VI: Probability

1. Probability

Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution.

Prescribed Books:

• Mathematics Part I - Textbook for Class XII, NCERT Publication

• Mathematics Part II - Textbook for Class XII, NCERT Publication

• Mathematics Exemplar Problem for Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Mathematics Lab Manual class XII, published by NCERT

Internal Assessment	20 Marks
Periodic Tests ( Best 2 out of 3 tests conducted)	10 Marks
Mathematics Activities	10 Marks

Note: For activities NCERT Lab Manual may be referred.

Download Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus 2020-21. The board has decided to reduce the syllabus by 30 percent due to coronavirus pandemic. The annual theory paper will be of 80 marks while 20 marks will be given on the basis of internal assessment.

S. No.	Units	Marks
I	Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications	06
II	Algebra	10
III	Inferential Statistics	06
IV	Index Numbers and Time-based data	10
V	Calculus	15
VI	Financial Mathematics	15
VII	Linear Programming	08
VII	Probability	10
-	Internal Assessment	20
	Total	100

Unit I Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications

• Modulo Arithmetic

• Congruence modulo
• Simple arithmetic functions
• Allegation or Mixture
• Numerical problems on boats and streams; partnership; pipes and cistern; races and games, scheduling
• Numerical inequalities

Unit II Algebra

• Solution of simultaneous linear equations using elimination method (up to 3 variables)
• Matrices and types of matrices
• Algebra of matrices
• Determinants
• Inverse of a matrix
• Cramer’s rule and its application
• Simple applications of matrices and determinants including Leontiff input output model for two variables

Unit III Calculus

• Application of derivatives

• Increasing/Decreasing functions

• Maxima and Minima
• Marginal cost and marginal revenue using derivatives
• Integration
• Indefinite integral as family of curves
• Definite integral as area under the curve
• Integration of simple algebraic functions (primitive, by substitution, by parts)
• Application of Integration (consumer surplus-producer surplus)
• Differential equation (definition, order, degree)
• Formulating and solving linear differential equation
• Application of differential equation (Growth and Decay Model)

Unit IV Probability

• Probability Distribution
• Mathematical Expectation
• Variance
• Binomial Distribution
• Poisson distribution
• Normal distribution
• Basic applications and inferences

Unit V Inferential Statistics

• Population and sample

• Parameter, statistic and statistical inferences

• t-Test (one sample t-test and two independent groups t-test)

Unit VI Index numbers and Time-based data

• Index numbers, uses of index numbers

• Construction of index numbers (simple and weighted)

• Tests of adequacy of index numbers (unit test and time reversal test)

• Time series, Time series analysis for univariant data sets

• Trend analysis by moving average method

• Trend analysis by fitting of linear trend line using least squares

Unit VII Financial Mathematics

• Perpetuity, Sinking funds

• Valuation of Bonds (Present value approach and Relative price approach)

• Calculation of EMI

• Calculation of returns, nominal rate of return, effective rate of interest

• Compound annual growth rate

• Stock, shares and debentures

• Linear method of depreciation

Unit VIII Linear Programming

• Introduction and related terminologies (constraints, objective function, optimization)

• Mathematical formulation of linear programming problems
• Different types of linear programming problems (Transportation and assignment problem)
• Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables
• Feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded)
• Feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three nontrivial constraints)

Internal Assessment	20 Marks
Project Work	10 Marks
Practical work	10 Marks

Download Class 12 Applied Maths Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus 2020-21. The syllabus has been revised due to coronavirus pandemic to ease the pressure on students. The question paper will be of 80 marks. Project Work will be conducted of 20 marks.

Units		Marks
Part A	Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies	60
Part B	Financial Statement Analysis	20
	Theory Paper (Total)	80
Part C	Project Work	20

Units		Marks
Part A	Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies	60
Part B	Computerized Accounting	20
	Theory Paper (Total)	80
Part C	Practical Work	20

Part A: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations, Partnership Firms and Companies

Unit 1: Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations

• Not-for-profit organizations: concept.

• Receipts and Payments Account: features and preparation.

• Income and Expenditure Account: features, preparation of income and expenditure account and balance sheet from the given receipts and payments account with additional information.

Unit 2: Accounting for Partnership Firms

• Partnership: features, Partnership Deed.

• Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed.

• Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts. Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account- division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits.

• Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio).

• Goodwill: nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation - average profit, super profit and capitalization.

Accounting for Partnership firms - Reconstitution and Dissolution.

• Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners - sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet.

• Admission of a partner - effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits

• Retirement and death of a partner: effect of retirement / death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits and reserves and preparation of balance sheet.

• Calculation of deceased partner’s share of profit till the date of death.

• Dissolution of a partnership firm: meaning of dissolution of partnership and partnership firm, types of dissolution of a firm. Settlement of accounts - preparation of realization account, and other related accounts: capital accounts of partners and cash/bank a/c (excluding memorandum balance sheet, piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of partner(s)).

Unit - 3 Accounting for Companies

Accounting for Share Capital

• Share and share capital: nature and types.

• Accounting for share capital: issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares - over subscription and under subscription of shares; issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash.

• Concept of Private Placement and Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP).

• Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue of shares.

• Disclosure of share capital in the Balance Sheet of a company.

Accounting for Debentures

• Debentures: Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; Issue of debentures with terms of redemption; debentures as collateral security concept, interest on debentures. Writing off discount / loss on issue of debentures.

Part B: Financial Statement Analysis

Unit 4: Analysis of Financial Statements

• Financial statements of a Company: Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet in prescribed form with major headings and sub headings (as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013)

Note: Exceptional items, extraordinary items and profit (loss) from discontinued operations are excluded.

• Financial Statement Analysis: Objectives, importance and limitations.

• Tools for Financial Statement Analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, cash flow analysis, ratio analysis.

• Accounting Ratios: Meaning, Objectives, classification and computation.

• Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio and Quick ratio.

• Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset to Debt Ratio, Proprietary Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio.

• Activity Ratios: Inventory Turnover Ratio, Trade Receivables Turnover Ratio, Trade Payables Turnover Ratio and Working Capital Turnover Ratio.

• Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio and Return on Investment.

Unit 5: Cash Flow Statement

• Meaning, objectives and preparation (as per AS 3 (Revised) (Indirect Method only)

Part B: Computerised Accounting

Unit 3: Computerised Accounting

Overview of Computerised Accounting System

• Introduction: Application in Accounting.

• Features of Computerised Accounting System.

• Structure of CAS.

• Software Packages: Generic; Specific; Tailored.

Accounting Application of Electronic Spreadsheet.

• Concept of electronic spreadsheet.

• Features offered by electronic spreadsheet.

• Application in generating accounting information - bank reconciliation statement; asset accounting; loan repayment of loan schedule, ratio analysis

• Data representation- graphs, charts and diagrams.

Using Computerized Accounting System.

• Steps in installation of CAS, codification and Hierarchy of account heads, creation of accounts.

• Data: Entry, validation and verification.

• Adjusting entries, preparation of balance sheet, profit and loss account with closing entries and opening entries.

• Need and security features of the system.

Database Management System (DBMS)

• Concept and Features of DBMS.

• DBMS in Business Application.

• Generating Accounting Information - Payroll

Prescribed Books:

• Financial Accounting-I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT

• Financial Accounting-II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT

Download Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2020-21 is beneficial in knowing the important topics that can come in the examinations. Due to coronavirus pandemic, this year the board has decided to reduce the topics in order to ease the pressure. The question paper will be of 80 marks. Project Work will be conducted of 20 marks.

Units		Marks
Part A	Principles and Functions of Management	50
Part B	Business Finance and Marketing	30
	Theory Paper (Total)	80
Part C	Project Work	20

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management

• Management - concept, objectives, and importance

• Management as Science, Art and Profession

• Levels of Management

• Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling

• Coordination- concept and importance

Unit 2: Principles of Management

• Principles of Management- concept and significance

• Fayol’s principles of management

• Taylor’s Scientific management- principles and techniques

Unit 3: Business Environment

• Business Environment- concept and importance

• Dimensions of Business Environment- Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal

Unit 4: Planning

• Planning: Concept, importance and limitation

• Planning process

Unit 5: Organising

• Organising: Concept and importance

• Organising Process

• Structure of organisation- functional and divisional concept

• Delegation: concept, elements and importance

• Decentralization: concept and importance

Unit 6: Staffing

• Staffing: Concept and importance

• Staffing process

• Recruitment process

• Selection - process

• Training and Development - Concept and importance, Methods of training - on the job and off the job - vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training.

Unit 7: Directing

• Directing: Concept and importance

• Elements of Directing

• Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives

• Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic and laissez faire

• Communication - concept, formal and informal communication.

Unit 8: Controlling

• Controlling - Concept and importance

• Steps in process of control

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing

Unit 9: Financial Management

• Financial Management: Concept, role and objectives

• Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend- Meaning and factors affecting

• Financial Planning - concept and importance

• Capital Structure – concept and factors affecting capital structure

• Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements

Unit 10: Financial Markets

• Financial Markets: Concept, Functions and types

• Money market and its instruments

• Capital market: Concept, types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the primary market

• Stock Exchange – Meaning, Functions and trading procedure

• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions.

Unit 11: Marketing

• Marketing – Concept, functions and philosophies – Product, Prize and Standard

• Marketing Mix – Concept and elements

• Product - branding, labelling and packaging – Concept

• Price - Concept, Factors determining price

• Physical Distribution – concept

• Promotion – Concept and elements; Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Public Relations.

Unit 12: Consumer Protection

• Consumer Protection: Concept

• Consumer Protection Act 1986: Meaning of consumer, Rights and responsibilities of consumers, Who can file a complaint?, Redressal machinery, Remedies available.

Part C: Project Work

As per CBSE guidelines

Initiative, cooperativeness and participation	2 Mark
Creativity in presentation	2 Mark
Content, observation and research work	4 Marks
Analysis of situations	4 Marks
Viva	8 Marks
Total	20 Marks

Prescribed Books:

• Business Studies Textbook, Published by NCERT

Download Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Entrepreneurship Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Entrepreneurship Syllabus 2020-21. Due to coronavirus pandemic, the syllabus has been reduced to ease the burden on students. The written exam will be of 70 marks while project will be of 30 marks.

S. No.	Unit	Marks
1	Entrepreneurial Opportunities	35
2	Entrepreneurial Planning	35
3	Enterprise Marketing	20
4	Enterprise Growth Strategies	20
6	Business Arithmetic	20
7	Resource Mobilization	20
	Project Work	30
	Total	100

Unit 1: Entrepreneurial Opportunity

• Sensing Entrepreneurial Opportunities

• Environment Scanning

• Problem Identification

• Idea fields

• Spotting Trends

• Creativity and Innovation

• Selecting the Right Opportunity

Unit 2: Entrepreneurial Planning

• Forms of business organization- Sole proprietorship, Partnership, Company

• Business Plan: concept, format.

• Components: Organisational plan; Operational plan; Production plan; Financial plan; Marketing plan; Human Resource planning.

Unit 3: Enterprise Marketing

• Marketing and Sales Strategy

• Branding, Logo, Tagline

• Promotion Strategy

Unit 4: Enterprise Growth Strategies

• Franchising: Concept, types, advantages, limitations.

• Mergers and Acquisition: Concept, reasons, types.

Unit 5: Business Arithmetic

• Unit of Sale, Unit Cost for multiple products or services

• Break even Analysis for multiple products or services

• Computation of Working Capital

• Inventory Control and EOQ

• Return on Investment (ROI) and Return on Equity(ROE)

Unit 6: Resource Mobilization

• Capital Market- Primary

• Angel Investor: Features

• Venture Capital: Features, funding.

Project Work

1. Business Plan

2. Market Survey

• 10 Marks each for 02 Projects

• 5 Marks for Numerical Assessment

• 5 Marks for Viva

Prescribed Books:

• Entrepreneurship - Class XII - C.B.S.E., Delhi

• Udyamita (in Hindi) by Dr. MMP. Akhouri and S.P Mishra, pub. By National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD), NSIC-PATC Campus,Okhla

• Everyday Entrepreneurs - The harbingers of Prosperity and creators of Jobs - Dr. Aruna

Bhargava.

Download Class 12 Entrepreneurship Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 History Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 History Syllabus 2020-21 that will help you in knowing the important topics that can come in the examination. Due to coronavirus pandemic, the board has reduced the syllabus to ease the burden. The question paper will be of 80 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 20 marks.

Units	Marks
Themes in Indian History Part-I (Themes 1-4)	25
Theme 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones

Theme 2 Kings, Farmers and Towns

Theme 3 Kinship, Caste and Class

Theme 4 Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings
Themes In Indian History Part-II (Themes- 5 – 9)	25

Theme 5 - Deleted for the session-2020-2021

Theme 6 Bhakti –Sufi Traditions

Theme 7 An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara

Theme 8 - Deleted for the session-2020-2021

Theme 9 Kings and Chronicles
Themes In Indian History Part-III (Themes 10 – 15)	25

Theme 10 Colonialism and The Countryside (Half)pg-257-274

Theme 11 Rebels and the Raj

Theme 12 --Deleted for the session-2020-2021

Theme 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement

Theme 14 --Deleted for the session-2020-2021

Theme 15 Framing the Constitution
Map Work	05
Total	80
Project work (Internal Assessment)	20

Themes in Indian History Part-I (Themes 1-4)

1. Bricks, beads and bones: The Harappan Civilization:

• Broad overview: Early urb an centers

• Story of discovery: Harappan civilization

• Excerpt: Archaeological report on a major site

• Discussion: How it has been utilized by archaeologists/historians

2. Kings, farmers and Towns: Early States and Economies(c. 600 BCE-600 CE)

• Broad overview: Political and economic History from the Mauryan to the Gupta period

• Story of discovery: Inscriptions and the Decipherment of the script. Shifts in the Understanding of political and economic history.

• Excerpt: Ashokan inscription and Gupta period land grant

• Discussion: Interpretation of inscriptions by historians.

3. Kinship, caste and Class Early Society Societies (C. 600 BCE-600 CE)

• Broad overview: Social Histories: Using the Mahabharata Issues in social history, including caste, class, kinship and gender

• Story of discovery: Transmission and publications of the Mahabharata

• Excerpt: from the Mahabharata, illustrating how it has been used by historians.

• Discussion: Other sources for reconstructing social history.

4. Thinkers, beliefs And buildings Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE - 600 CE)

• Broad overview: A History of Buddhism: Sanchi Stupa a) A brief review of religious histories of Vedic religion, Jainism, Vaishnavism, Shaivism (Puranic Hinduism) b) Focus on Buddhism. Story of discovery: Sanchi stupa.

• Excerpt: Reproduction of sculptures from Sanchi.

• Discussion: Ways in which sculpture has been interpreted by historians, other sources for reconstructing the history of Buddhism.

Themes In Indian History Part-II (Themes- 5 – 9)

6. Bhakti –sufi Traditions: Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts (c. eighth to eighteenth centuries)

• Broad overview: a. Outline of religious developments during this period saints. b. Ideas and practices of the Bhakti-Sufi

• Story of Transmission: How Bhakti-Sufi compositions have been preserved.

• Excerpt: Extracts from selected Bhakti-Sufi works.

• Discussion: Ways in which these have been interpreted by historians.

7. An imperial Capital: Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth centuries)

• Broad Over View: New Architecture: Hampi a. Outline of new buildings during Vijayanagar period-temples, forts, irrigation facilities. b. Relationship between architecture and the political system

• Story of Discovery: Account of how Hampi was found.

• Excerpt: Visuals of buildings at Hampi

• Discussion: Ways in which historians have analyzed and interpreted these structures.

9. Kings and Chronicles: The Mughal Courts (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries)

• Broad overview: Reconstructing Histories through Chronicles a) Outline of political history 15th-17th centuries b) Discussion of the Mughal court and politics.

• Story of Discovery: Account of the production of court chronicles, and their subsequent translation and transmission.

• Excerpts: from the Akbarnama and Badshahnama

• Discussion: Ways in which historians have used the text store construct political histories.

Themes In Indian History Part-III (Themes 10 – 15)

10. Colonialism and The countryside: Exploring Official Archives

• Broad overview: Colonialism and Rural Society: Evidence from Official Reports a) Life of zamindars, peasants and artisans in the late 18th century b). Permanent Settlement, Santhals and Paharias

• Story of official records: An account of why official Investigations in to rural societies were undertaken and the types of records and reports produced.

• Excerpts: From Fifth Report

• Discussion: What the official records tell and do not tell, and how they have been used by historians.

11. Rebels and the Raj: 1857 Revolt and its Representations

• Broad overview: a. The eventsof1857-58. b. Vision of Unity c. How these events were recorded and narrated.

• Focus: Lucknow

• Excerpts: Pictures of 1857. Extracts from contemporary accounts.

• Discussion: How the pictures of 1857 shaped British opinion of what had happened.

13. Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement: Civil Disobedience and Beyond

• Broad overview: a. The Nationalist Movement 1918 -48. b. The nature of Gandhian politics and

leadership.

• Focus: Mahatma Gandhi and the three movements and his last days as “finest hours

• Excerpts: Reports from English and Indian language newspapers and other contemporary writings.

• Discussion: How newspapers can be a source of history.

15. Framing the Constitution: The Beginning of a New Era

• Broad overview: The Making of the Constitution an overview: a. Independence and then new nation state. b. The making of the Constitution

• Focus: The Constituent Assembly Debates

• Excerpts: from the debates.

• Discussion: What such debates reveal and how they can be analyzed.

List of Maps

Book 1

Page 2

Mature Harappan sites:

• Harappa, Banawali, Kalibangan, Balakot, Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, Nageshwar, Lothal, Mohenjodaro, Chanhudaro, KotDiji.

Page 30

Mahajanapada and cities :

• Vajji, Magadha, Kosala, Kuru, Panchala, Gandhara, Avanti, Rajgir, Ujjain, Taxila, Varanasi.

Page 33

Distribution of Ashokan inscriptions:

• Kushanas, Shakas, Satavahanas, Vakatakas,Guptas

• Cities/towns: Mathura, Kannauj, Puhar,Braghukachchha

• Pillar inscriptions - Sanchi, Topra, Meerut Pillar andKaushambi.

• Kingdom of Cholas, CherasandPandyas.

Page 43

Important kingdoms and towns:

• Kushanas, Shakas, Satavahanas, Vakatakas,Guptas

• Cities/towns: Mathura, Kanauj, Puhar, Braghukachchha, Shravasti, Rajgir, Vaishali, Varanasi, Vidisha

Page 95

Major Buddhist Sites:

• Nagarjunakonda, Sanchi, Amaravati, Lumbini, Nasik, Bharhut, Bodh Gaya, Ajanta.

Book 2

Page 174

Bidar, Golconda, Bijapur, Vijayanagar, Chandragiri, Kanchipuram, Mysore, Thanjavur, Kolar,

Tirunelveli

Page 214

Territories under Babur, Akbar and Aurangzeb:

• Delhi, Agra, Panipat, Amber, Ajmer, Lahore, Goa.

Book 3

Page 297

Territories/cities under British Control in1857:

• Punjab, Sindh, Bombay, Madras Fort St. David, Masulipatam, Berar, Bengal, Bihar,

Orissa, Avadh, Surat, Calcutta, Patna, Benaras, Allahabad and Lucknow.

Page 305

Main centres of the Revolt of 1857:

• Delhi, Meerut, Jhansi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Azamgarh, Calcutta, Benaras, Gwalior,

Jabalpur, Agra, Awadh.

Important centres of the National Movement:

• Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad, Benaras, Amritsar, Chauri Chaura, Lahore,

Bardoli, Dandi, Bombay (Quit India Resolution), Karachi.

Prescribed Books:

1. Themes in World History, Class XI, Published by NCERT

2. Themes in Indian History, Part-I, Class XII, Published by NCERT

3. Themes in Indian History Part-II, Class XII, Published by NCERT

4. Themes in Indian History Part-III, Class XII, Published by NCERT

Download Class 12 History Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Political Science Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Political Science Syllabus 2020-21 that will help you in understanding which topics are important for the purpose of examinations. This year the board has decided to reduce the syllabus by 30 percent due to ongoing health crisis. The question paper will be of 80 marks while project will be of 20 marks.

Part A: Contemporary World Politics

Units	Contents	Marks
1	Cold War Era and Non–aligned Movement	6
2	The End of Bipolarity	8
3	New Centres of Power	8
4	South Asia and the Contemporary World	6
5	United Nations and its Organizations	6
6	Globalization	6
-	Total	40

Part B: Politics in India Since Independence

Units	Contents	Marks
7	Challenges of Nation-Building	8
8	Planned Development	4
9	India's Foreign Policy	4
10	Parties and the Party Systems in India	8
11	Democratic Resurgence	8
12	Indian Politics: Trends and Developments	8
-	Total	40

Part A: Contemporary World Politics

1. Cold War and Non-aligned Movement

Emergence of two power blocs/Bipolarity, Non-aligned Movement (NAM).

2. The End of Bipolarity

Disintegration of Soviet Union, Unipolar World, Middle East Crisis – Afghanistan, Gulf War, Democratic Politics and Democratization – CIS and the 21st Century (Arab Spring).

3. New Centres of Power

Organizations: European Union, ASEAN, SAARC, BRICS. Nations: Russia, China, Israel, India.

4. South Asia and the Contemporary World

Conflicts and efforts for Peace and Democratization in South Asia: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives.

5. United Nations and its Organizations

Principle Organs, Key Agencies: UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, ILO, Security Council and the Need for its Expansion.

6. Globalization

Globalization: Meaning, Manifestations and Debates.

Part B: Politics in India Since Independence

7. Challenges of Nation- Building

• Nation and Nation Building

• Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel and Integration of States

• Legacy of Partition: Challenge of Refugee, Resettlement, Kashmir Issue, Nehru’s Approach to Nation – Building

• Political Conflicts over Language and Linguistic Organization of States.

8. Planned Development

• National Development Council, NITI Aayog.

9. India's Foreign Policy

• Principles of Foreign Policy, India’s Changing Relations with Other Nations: US, Russia, China, Israel;

10. Parties and the Party Systems in India

• Congress System

• Bi-party System

• Multi-party Coalition System.

11. Democratic Resurgence

• Jai Prakash Narayan and Total Revolution

• Ram Manohar Lohiya and Socialism

• Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya and Integral Humanism

• National Emergency

• Democratic Upsurges– Participation of the Adults, Backwards and Youth.

12. Indian Politics: Trends and Developments

Era of Coalitions: National Front, United Front, United Progressive Alliance [UPA] – I & II, National Democratic Alliance [NDA] – I, II, III& IV, Issues of Development and Governance.

Prescribed Books:

1. Contemporary World Politics, Class XII, Published by NCERT

2. Politics in India since Independence, Class XII, Published by NCERT

3. Uploaded Additional Study Material

Project Work: 20 Marks

Details of Project Work

1. The Project work will be implemented for 20 Marks.

2. Out of 20 marks, 10 marks are to be allotted to viva voce and 10 marks for project work.

3. For class XII, the evaluation for 20 marks project work should be done jointly by the internal as well as the external examiners.

4. The project can be individual/pair/group of 4-5 each. The Project can be made on any of the topics given in the syllabus of a particular class.

5. The suggestive list of activities for project work is as follows: -

Role Play, Skit, Presentation, Model, Field Survey, Mock Drills/Mock Event etc.

6. The teacher should give enough time for preparation of the Project Work. The topics for Project Work taken up by the student must be discussed by the teacher in classroom.

Scheme of Options:

• Question paper will be in two parts i.e. Part A and Part B. In each part, internal choice will be of

33%.

• In order to assess different mental abilities of learners, question paper is likely to include questions based on passages, visuals such as maps, cartoons. No factual question will be asked on the information given in the plus (+) boxes in the textbooks.

Download Class 12 Political Science Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2020-21. Due to coronavirus pandemic, this year the board reduced the syllabus to ease the pressure. The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 30 marks.

S. No.	Unit	Marks
Part A	Fundamentals of Human Geography	35
Part B	India: People and Economy	35
Part C	Practical Work	30
	Total	100

Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography

Unit 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope

Unit 2: People

• Population-distribution, density and growth

• Population change-spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change

• Population Composition - age-sex pyramid; rural-urban composition

• Human development - concept; selected indicators, international comparisons

Unit 3: Human Activities

• Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some examples from selected countries.

• Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities - some examples from selected countries.

• Quaternary activities-concept; people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from selected countries.

Unit 4: Human Settlements

• Settlement types - rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega cities; problems of human settlements in developing countries

Map Work on identification of features based on 1-5 units on the outline Physical/Political map of World.

Part B: India: People and Economy

Unit 1: People

• Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of

population - linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupationalregional variations in growth of population Migration: international, national-causes and consequences.

• Human development: selected indicators and regional patterns Population, environment and development.

Unit 2: Human Settlements

• Rural settlements - types and distribution

• Urban settlements - types, distribution and functional classification

Unit 3: Resources and Development

• Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management.

• Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation.

• Planning in India- target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study).

Unit 5: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems

• Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums

• Land degradation

Map work on locating and labeling of features based on above units on outline map of India.

Part C: Practical Work in Geography Part II

• Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping

• Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and other sources

• Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency

• Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleths maps.

• Data analysis and generation of diagrams, graphs and other visual diagrams using computers.

Map Works

Fundamentals of Human Geography Class XII - Textbook I (NCERT)

Map Items for identification only on outline political map of the World.

• Unit-1 Ch.-1 Nil

• Unit-2 Ch. 2 to 4 1 The largest country in each continent in terms of area

• Unit-3 Ch. 5 to 7 1 Primary Activities:

→ Areas of subsistence gathering

→ Major areas of nomadic herding of the world

→ Major areas of commercial livestock rearing

→ Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming

→ Major areas of mixed farming of the World

• Unit - 5 Ch. 10 Mega cities of the world – Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai, Mumbai, Sao Paulo.

India - People and Economy Class XII-Textbook II (NCERT)

Map Items for locating and labeling only on the outline political map of India

• Units - 1 & 2 Ch. 1 to 4

→ State with highest level of urbanization and lowest level of urbanization

→ One state with highest level of HDI & One lowest level of HDI

→ State with highest level of population density & one state with lowest level of population density (2011)

→ Any city with more than 10 million population – Greater Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru.

• Unit - 3 Ch. 5 to 9 Leading producing states of the following crops: (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Jute (e) Sugarcane (f) Tea and (g) Coffee

Mines:

→ Iron-ore mines: Mayurbhanj, Bailadila, Ratnagiri, Bellary

→ Manganese mines: Balaghat, Shimoga

→ Copper mines: Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Khetari

→ Bauxite mines: Katni, Bilaspur and Koraput

→ Coal mines: Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj, Neyveli

→ Oil Refineries: Mathura, Jamnager, Barauni.

Prescribed Books:

• Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, Published by NCERT

• India - People and Economy, Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Practical Work in Geography, Class XII, Published by NCERT

Download Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Psychology Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Psychology Syllabus 2020-21 that will important in knowing the topics that could come in the examinations. This year due to coronavirus outbreak, the board has decided to remove some topics from the syllabus. The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 30 marks.

Units	Topics	Marks
I	Variations in Psychological Attributes	12
II	Self and Personality	13
III	Meeting Life Challenges	10
IV	Psychological Disorders	13
V	Therapeutic Approaches	7
VI	Attitude and Social Cognition	8
VII	Social Influence and Group Processes	7
	Total	70

Unit I Variations in Psychological Attributes

1. Introduction

2. Individual Differences in Human Functioning

3. Assessment of Psychological Attributes

4. Intelligence

5. Theories of Intelligence: Psychometric Theories of Intelligence, Information Processing Theories, Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, Planning, Attention-Arousal and

Simultaneous Successive Model of Intelligence

6. Individual Differences in Intelligence

7. Culture and Intelligence

8. Emotional Intelligence

9. Special Abilities: Aptitude: Nature and Measurement

10.Creativity

Unit II Self and Personality

1. Introduction

2. Self and Personality

3. Concept of Self

4. Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self

5. Culture and Self

6. Concept of Personality

7. Major Approaches to the Study of Personality

• Type Approach

• Trait Approach

• Psychodynamic Approach

• Behavioural Approach

• Cultural Approach

• Humanistic Approach

8. Assessment of Personality

• Self-report Measures

• Projective Techniques

• Behavioural Analysis

Unit III Meeting Life Challenges

1. Introduction

2. Nature, Types and Sources of Stress

3. Effects of Stress on Psychological Functioning and Health

• Stress and Health

• General Adaptation Syndrome

• Stress and Immune System

• Lifestyle

4. Coping with Stress

• Stress Management Techniques

5. Promoting Positive Health and Well-being

• Stress Resistant Personality

• Life Skills

• Positive Health

Unit IV Psychological Disorders

1. Introduction

2. Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders

• Historical Background

3. Classification of Psychological Disorders

4. Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour

5. Major Psychological Disorders

• Anxiety Disorders

• Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

• Trauma-and Stressor-Related Disorders

• Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

• Dissociative Disorders

• Depressive Disorder

• Bipolar and Related Disorders

• Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

• Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders

• Feeding and Eating Disorders

• Substance Related and Addictive Disorders

Unit V Therapeutic Approaches

1. Nature and Process of Psychotherapy

• Therapeutic relationship

2. Types of Therapies

• Behaviour Therapy

• Cognitive Therapy

• Humanistic-Existential Therapy

• Alternative Therapies

3. Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill

Unit VI Attitude and Social Cognition

1. Introduction

2. Explaining Social Behaviour

3. Nature and Components of Attitudes

4. Attitude Formation and Change

• Attitude Formation

• Attitude Change

• Attitude-Behaviour Relationship

5. Prejudice and Discrimination

6. Strategies for Handling Prejudice

Unit VII Social Influence and Group Processes

1. Introduction

2. Nature and Formation of Groups

3. Type of Groups

4. Influence of Group on Individual Behaviour

• Social Loafing

• Group Polarisation

Practical Examination

The students shall be required to undertake one project and conduct two experiments.

Practical File	10 Marks
Viva Voce (Case profile and practical)	05 Marks
Two practicals (5 for conduction and 10 for reporting)	15 Marks

Practical 30 Marks

A. Test administration: Students are required to administer and interpret three psychological tests related to various psychological attributes like intelligence, aptitude, attitude, personality, etc.

B. In Practical examination, the student will be required to administer and interpret two psychological tests.

Prescribed Books:

1. Psychology, Class XI, Published by NCERT

2. Psychology, Class XII, Published by NCERT

Download Class 12 Psychology Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Sociology Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Sociology Syllabus 2020-21. This year due to coronavirus pandemic, the board has reduced the syllabus and remove various topics. The question paper will be of 80 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 20 marks.

Units	Unit Name	Marks
A	Indian Society	40
B	Change and Development in Indian Society	40
	Total	80

A. Indian Society

Unit 1 Introducing Indian Society

• Colonialism, Nationalism, Class and Community (Nonevaluative)

Unit 2 The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society

• Theories and concepts in demography

• Rural-Urban Linkages and Divisions

• Population Policy in India

Unit 3 Social Institutions: Continuity and Change

• Caste and the Caste System

• Tribal Communities

• Family and Kinship

Unit 5 Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion

• Social Inequality and Social Exclusion

• Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality - Caste, Tribe, the Other Backward Classes

• Adivasi Struggles

• The Struggle for Women’s Equality and Rights

• The struggles of the Differently Abled

Unit 6 The Challenges of Cultural Diversity

• Cultural communities and the nation state

• Regionalism in the Indian context

• The Nation state and religion related issues and identities

• Communalism, secularism and the nation state

• State and Civil Society

Unit 7 Suggestions for Project Work

B. Social change and development in India

Unit 8 Structural Change

• Understanding Colonialism, Industrialization, Urbanization

Unit 9 Cultural Change

• Social Reform Movements

• Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, Westernization, Modernization, Secularization

Unit 11 Change and Development in Rural Society

• Agrarian Structure : Caste & class in Rural India

• Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging Agrarian society

• Green revolution and its social consequences

• Transformation in Rural Society

• Circulation of labour

• Globalization, Liberalization and Rural Society

Unit 12 Change and Development in Industrial Society

• From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization

• How people find Jobs

• Work Processes: How work is carried out, working conditions, home based work, Strikes and Unions

Unit 15 Social Movements

• Concept of Social Movements

• Theories and Classification of Social Movements

• Environmental Movements

• Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants

• Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Class/Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses

• Tribal Movements

• Women’s Movements in Independent India

Practical Examination

Unit wise Weightage
A	Project (undertaken during the academic year at school level) 1. Introduction -2 Marks 2. Statement of Purpose – 2 Marks 3. Research Question – 2 Marks 4. Methodology – 3 Marks 5. Data Analysis – 4 Marks 6. Conclusion – 2 Marks	15 Marks
B	Viva - based on the project work	02 Marks
	Total	20 Marks

Prescribed Books:

• Indian Society, Class XII, Published by NCERT

• Social Change and Development in India, Class XII, published by NCERT

Download Class 12 Sociology Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 English Core Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 English Core Syllabus 2020-21. Due to coronavirus pandemic, the board has decided to remove various chapters from the syllabus in this academic session. The annual board examination will be of 80 marks, with a duration of three hours. There will be internal assessment (Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills) for 20 Marks.

There will be two parts. Both parts A and B will be of 80 marks. Part A will contain objective type while Part B will be Subjective type.

Part A - 40 Marks

Reading Comprehension 20 Marks

I. Multiple Choice questions based on one unseen passage. Vocabulary and inference of meaning will also be assessed. The passage may be factual, descriptive or literary. Ten out of eleven questions to be done. (10×1=10 Marks)

II. Multiple Choice questions based on one unseen case-based factual passage with verbal/visual inputs like statistical data, charts, newspaper report etc. Ten out of eleven questions to be done.(10×1=10 Marks)

Literature 20 Marks

III. Multiple Choice Questions based on two prose extracts, one each from the books Flamingo and Vistas. Refer to the lines to answer questions based on the given extract. Any 2 out of 3extracts to be done.(8×1=8)

IV. Multiple Choice Questions based on a poetry extract from the book Flamingo to assess comprehension, analysis and inference. Refer to the lines to answer questions based on the given extract. Any 1 out of 2 extracts to be done.(4×1=4)

VI. Text based questions to assess comprehension, analysis, inference and interpretation from the books Flamingo and Vistas. Eight out of ten questions to be done.(8×1=8)

Part B (Subjective Questions) - 40 marks

Writing Section: 16 Marks

Q1. Short writing task –Notice/Advertisement up to 50 words. One out of the two given questions to be answered. (3 Marks: Format : 1 / Content : 1 / Expression : 1).

Q2. Short writing task –Formal/Informal Invitation and Reply up to 50 words.One out of the two given questions to be answered.(3 Marks: Format : 1 / Content : 1 / Expression : 1)

Q3. Letters based on verbal/visual input, to be answered in approximately 120-150 words. Letter types include application for a job, Letters to the editor (giving suggestions or opinion on issues of public interest) . One out of the two given questions to be answered (5 Marks :Format: 1 / Content: 2 / Expression: 2)

Q4. Article/ Report Writing, descriptive and analytical in nature, based on verbal inputs, to be answered in 120-150 words. One out of the two given questions to be answered (5 Marks: Format : 1 / Content : 2 / Expression : 2)

Literature Section: 24 Marks

Q6. Five Short answer type question, out of six, from Prose and Poetry from the book Flamingo, to be answered in 30-40 words. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking.(5×2=10)

Q7. Two Short answer type question ,out of three, from Prose (Vistas), to be answered in 30-40 words. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. (2×2=4)

Q 8. One Long answer type question, from Prose/poetry (Flamingo), to be answered in 120-150 words to assess global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the text. Questions to provide evaluative and analytical responses using incidents, events, themes as reference points. Any 1 out of 2 questions to be done. (1×5=5)

Q.9 One Long answer type question, based on the chapters from the book Vistas, to be answered in 120-150 words to assess global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the text. Questions to provide evaluative and analytical responses using incidents, events, themes as reference points. Any 1 out of 2 questions to be done. (1×5=5)

Prescribed Books

1. Flamingo: English Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi

2. Vistas: Supplementary Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi

Deleted Topics

Reading

Note Making & Summarizing

Literature

Flamingo

1. Poets and Pancakes 1. A Roadside Stand
2. The Interview
3. Going Places

Vistas

1. The Tiger King
2. Journey to the end of the Earth
3. Memories of Childhood

Writing

• Poster making
• Business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and
giving information, placing orders and sending replies)
• Speech, Debate

Download Class 12 English Core Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 English Elective Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 English Elective Syllabus 2020-21. This academic session, the board has decided to reduce the syllabus by approx 30 percent. The annual board examination will be of 80 marks, with a duration of three hours. There will be internal assessment (Assessment of Listening and Speaking Skills) for 20 Marks.

There will be two parts. Both parts A and B will be of 80 marks. Part A will contain objective type while Part B will be Subjective type.

Part A

Reading: 20 Marks

This section will have two unseen passages and a poem:

1. 12 Multiple Choice Questions out of 15 from a literary or discursive passage of about
950-1000 words. [1 X 12 =12]

2. 4 out of 5 multiple choice questions to test interpretation and appreciation of a poem of
about 10-12 lines. (1x4=4)

3. 4 out of 5 multiple choice questions from a case-based factual passage (with visual input- statistical data, chart etc.) of 100-120 words to test interpretation. (1 X 4= 4)

Grammar: 8 Marks
4. 8 multiple choice questions out of 10 involving transformation of sentences. (1x8 =8)

Literature: 12 Marks

5. 12 out of 16 multiple choice questions from the textbook kaleidoscope. The questions can be from short stories/Poetry/Non-Fiction/Drama (1 x 12 = 12)

Part B

Writing: 20 Marks

1. Three Long Writing Task out of Four to be answered in 120-150 words each: A discursive and interpretative writing. (5x3=15)

2. One Long Writing Task out of two to be answered in 120-150 words: An essay on an argumentative/discursive topic such as an article/report/speech. Contemporary topics/issues to be a part of Article, Report and Speech Writing. (5x1=5)

Literature: 10 Marks

3. One Short Answer Question out of two to be answered in 30-40 words to assess understanding analysis and critical appreciation. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. (2x1=2)

4. One Short Answer Question out of two to be answered in 40-50 words to assess understanding analysis and critical appreciation. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking and drawing inferences in poetry and prose. (3X1=3)

5. One Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 120-150 words each to assess deeper understanding, interpretation, appreciation and drawing inferences. Questions to elicit creative responses and assess ability to form opinions. (5x1=5)

Fiction: 10 Marks

6. One Short Answer Question out of two to be answered in 30-40 words to test understanding and appreciation and seek comments, interpretation, evaluation and appreciation of characters, events, episodes and interpersonal relationships. (2 x 1 = 2)

7. One Short Answer Question out of two to be answered in 40-50 words to test understanding and appreciation and seek comments, interpretation, evaluation and appreciation of characters, events, episodes and interpersonal relationships. (3 x1=3)

8. One Long Answer Question out of two to be answered in 120-150 words to test deeper (in depth) understanding, interpretation, appreciation and drawing global inferences of the given text with reference to characters /events/ incidents and episodes, leading to creative rendering, forming and defending opinions. (5x1=5)

Students can select one of the two prescribed texts.

Seminar (20 marks)

• Presentation - book review /a play /a short story/a novel/novella (tale, table, parable) to be followed by a question-answer session.

• Poetry reading to be followed by interpretative tasks based on close reading and literary analysis of the text. Critical review of a film or a play

• Conducting a theatre workshop to be followed by a discussion

Prescribed Books:

1. Kaleidoscope - Text book published by NCERT

2. Fiction: A Tiger for Malgudi or The Financial Expert by R.K. Narayan (Novel)

Download Class 12 English Elective Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Core Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Hindi Core Syllabus 2020-21. This year the board the decided to reduce the syllabus due to ongoing health crisis. Here, you will find latest Hindi Core Class 12 Syllabus 2020-21.

प्रश्न-पत्र दो खण्डों-खंड 'अ' और 'ब' का होगा खंड 'अ' में वस्तुपरक प्रश्न पूछे जाएँगे। खंड 'अ' में कुल 58 प्रश्न होगें जिनमें से केवल 40 प्रश्नों के ही उत्तर देने होगें खंड 'ब' में वर्णनात्मक प्रश्न पूछे जाएँगे। प्रश्नों में उचित आंतरिक विकल्प दिए जाएंगे|

खंड क - अपठित अंश

• अपठित गद्यांश (चिंतन क्षमता एवं अभिव्यक्ति कौशल पर बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न पूछे जाएंगे)

अ. दो अपठित गद्यांशों में से कोई एक गद्यांश करना होगा| (450-500 शब्दों के) (1अंक × 10 प्रश्न)

ब. दो अपठित पद्यांशों में से कोई एक पद्यांश करना होगा| (250-250 शब्दों के) (1अंक × 5 प्रश्न)

कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन (अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम' पुस्तक के आधार पर)

अ. अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम पुस्तक से बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न (1अंक × 5 प्रश्न)

पाठ्यपुस्तक आरोह भाग-2 से बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न

अ. पठित काव्यांश पर पाँच बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न (1अंक × 05 प्रश्न)

ब. पठित गद्यांश पर पाँच बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न। (1अंक × 05 प्रश्न)

अनुपूरक पाठ्यपुस्तक वितान भाग-2 से बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न

अ. पठित पाठों पर सात बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न (1अंक × 10 प्रश्न)

खंड ब (वर्णनात्मक प्रश्न)

कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन

1. दिए गए तीन नए और अप्रत्याशित विषयों में से किसी एक विषय पर लगभग 150 शब्दों में रचनात्मक लेखन (5 अंक × 1 प्रश्न)

2. औपचारिक विषय से संबधित पत्र लेखन। (5 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) (विकल्प सहित)

3. कविता/कहानी/नाटक की रचना प्रक्रिया पर आधारित दो लघुउत्तरीय प्रश्न (3 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) + (2 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) (विकल्प सहित)

4. समाचार लेखन (उल्टा पिरामिड शैली) फीचर लेखन आलेख लेखन पर आधारित दो |लघुउत्तरीय प्रश्न (3 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) + (2 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) (विकल्प सहित)

पाठ्यपुस्तक आरोह भाग-2

1. काव्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 50-60 शब्दों | में) (3 अंक × 2 प्रश्न)

2. काव्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में) (2 अंक × 2 प्रश्न)

3. गद्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 50-60 शब्दों में) (3 अंक × 2 प्रश्न)

4. गद्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में) (2 अंक × 2 प्रश्न)

(अ) श्रवण तथा वाचन - 10 अंक

(ब) परियोजना कार्य - 10 अंक

निर्धारित पुस्तकें:

1. आरोह, भाग-2, एन.सी.ई.आर.टी., नई दिल्ली द्वारा प्रकाशित नवीनतम संस्करण

2. वितान, भाग-2, एन.सी.ई.आर.टी., नई दिल्ली द्वारा प्रकाशित नवीनतम संस्करण

3. अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम, एन.सी.ई.आर.टी., नई दिल्ली द्वारा प्रकाशित नवीनतम संस्करण

निम्नलिखित पाठ हटा दिये गये हैं:

काव्य खंड

1.सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला-बादल राग

2.हरिवंश राय बच्चन-(i)आत्मपरिचय

3. आलोक धन्वा-पतंग

4. कुँवर नारायण-(ii) बात सीधी थी पर

5. उमाशंकर जोशी-(i) छोटा मेरा खेत, (ii) बगुलों के पंख

गद्य खंड

6. विष्णु खरे-चार्ली चैप्लिन यानी हम सब

7. हजारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी-शिरीष के फूल

Download Class 12 Hindi Core Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Elective Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Hindi Elective Syllabus 2020-21. This year due to ongoing health crisis, the board has decided to drop various chapters. Here, you will find latest Hindi Elective Class 12 Syllabus 2020-21.

प्रश्न-पत्र दो खण्डों-खंड 'अ' और 'ब' का होगा खंड 'अ' में वस्तुपरक प्रश्न पूछे जाएँगे।

खंड 'अ' - वस्तुपरक प्रश्न

अपठित गद्यांश (चिंतन क्षमता एवं अभिव्यक्ति कौशल पर बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न पूछे जाएंगे)

अ. दो अपठित गद्यांशों में से कोई एक गद्यांश करना होगा (450-500 शब्दों के) (1 अंक × 10 प्रश्न)

ब. दो अपठित पद्यांशों में से कोई एक पद्यांश करना होगा (250-250 शब्दों के) (1 अंक × 8 प्रश्न)

कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन (अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम' पुस्तक के आधार पर)

अ. अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम पुस्तक से बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न (1 अंक × 5 प्रश्न)

पाठ्यपुस्तक अंतरा भाग-2 से बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न

अ. अपठित काव्यांश पर पाँच बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न (1 अंक × 05 प्रश्न)

ब. पठित गद्यांश पर पाँच बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न। (1 अंक × 05 प्रश्न)

अनुपूरक पाठ्यपुस्तक अंतराल भाग-2 से बहुविकल्पात्मक प्रश्न

पठित पाठों पर सात बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न (1 अंक × 7 प्रश्न)

खंड ब (वर्णनात्मक प्रश्न) कार्यालयी हिंदी और रचनात्मक लेखन

• दिए गए तीन नए और अप्रत्याशित विषयों में से किसी एक विषय पर लगभग 150 शब्दों में रचनात्मक लेखन (5 अंक × 1 प्रश्न)

• औपचारिक विषय से संबधित पत्र लेखन। (5 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) (विकल्प सहित)

• कविता/कहानी/नाटक की रचना प्रक्रिया पर आधारित दो लघुउत्तरीय प्रश्न (3 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) + (2

अंक × 1 प्रश्न) (विकल्प सहित)

• समाचार लेखन (उल्टा पिरामिड शैली) फीचर लेखन/आलेख लेखन पर आधारित दो लघुउत्तरीय प्रश्न

(3 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) + (2 अंक × 1 प्रश्न) (विकल्प सहित)

पाठ्यपुस्तक अंतरा भाग-2

• काव्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 50-60 शब्दों में) (3 अंक × 2 प्रश्न)

• काव्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में) (2 अंक × 2 प्रश्न)

• गद्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 50-60 शब्दों में) (3 अंक × 2 प्रश्न)

• गद्य खंड पर आधारित तीन प्रश्नों में से किन्हीं दो प्रश्नों के उत्तर (लगभग 30-40 शब्दों में) (2 अंक × 2प्रश्र)

(अ) श्रवण तथा वाचन - 10 अंक

(ब) परियोजना कार्य - 10 अंक

प्रस्तावित पुस्तकें:

1. अंतरा, भाग-2, एन.सी.ई.आर.टी., नई दिल्ली द्वारा प्रकाशित नवीनतम संस्करण

2. अंतराल, भाग-2, एन.सी.ई.आर.टी., नई दिल्ली द्वारा प्रकाशित नवीनतम संस्करण

3. 'अभिव्यक्ति और माध्यम', एन.सी.ई.आर.टी., नई दिल्ली द्वारा प्रकाशित नवीनतम संस्करण

निम्नलिखित पाठ हटा दिये गये हैं:

काव्य खंड

• सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी निराला - (क) गीत गाने दो मुझे (ख) सरोज - स्मृति

• सच्चिदानंद हीरानंद वात्स्यायन अज्ञेय - (क) यह दीप अकेला (ख) मैंने देखा एक बूंद

• केदारनाथ सिंह - (क) बनारस (ख) दिशा

• केशवदास - कवित्त/सवैया

• घनानंद - कवित्त/सवैया

गद्य खंड

• ब्रजमोहन व्यास - कच्चाचिट्ठा

• भीष्म साहनी - गांधी, नेहरु और यास्सर अराफ़ात

• रामविलास शर्मा - यथासम्मै रोचते विश्वम

• हजारीप्रसाद द्विवेदी - कुटज

Download Class 12 Hindi Elective Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus 2020-21 that will be knowing important topics for the purpose of examinations. Due to coronavirus pandemic, the board has reduced the syllabus. The question paper will be of 70 marks. Practical Work will be conducted of 30 marks.

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
I	Computational Thinking and Programming – 2	40
II	Computer Networks	10
III	Database Management	20
	Total	70

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming - 2

• Revision of the basics of Python covered in Class XI.

• Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties of data objects, passing strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions, default parameters, positional parameters, return values, functions using libraries: mathematical and string functions.

• File handling: Need for a data file, Types of file: Text files, Binary files and CSV (Comma separated values) files.

• Text File: Basic operations on a text file: Open (filename – absolute or relative path, mode), Close a text file, Reading and Manipulation of data from a text file, Appending data into a text file, standard input / output and error streams, relative and absolute paths.

• Binary File: Basic operations on a binary file: Open (filename – absolute or relative path, mode), Close a binary file, Pickle Module – methods load and dump; Read, Write/Create, Search, Append and Update operations in a binary file.

• CSV File: Import csv module, functions – Open, Close a csv file, Read from a csv file and Write into a csv file using csv.reader ( ) and csv.writerow( ).

• Using Python libraries: Import Python libraries.

• Data-structures: Lists as covered in Class XI, Stacks – Push, Pop using a list.

Unit II: Computer Networks

• Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques (Circuit and Packet switching).

• Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps).

• Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link.

• Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router, Switch, Gateway, WiFi card.

• Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN.

• Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, Remote Login (Telnet) and Internet, Wireless / Mobile Communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL.

• Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G; Mobile processors; Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, Protocols for Chat and Video Conferencing: VoIP, Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMax

• Network Security Concepts: Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall, https; India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.

• Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web Hosting.

Unit III: Database Management

• Database Concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need.
• Relational data model: Concept of domain, relation, tuple, attribute, degree, cardinality, key, primary key, candidate key, alternate key and foreign key;
• Structured Query Language:
• General Concepts: Advantages of using SQL, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language;
• Data Types: number / decimal, character / varchar / varchar2, date;
• SQL commands covered in class XI (2019-20)
• SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, NULL / IS NULL, ORDER BY,GROUP BY, HAVING;
• SQL functions: SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) and MIN ( );
• Joins: equi-join and natural join

Interface of Python with an SQL database
- Connecting SQL with Python
- Creating Database connectivity Applications
- Performing Insert, Update, Delete queries
- Display data by using fetchone(),fetchall(),rowcount

Practical

Area	Marks
4. Lab Test: 1. Python program (60% logic + 20% documentation + 20% code quality) 2. Small Python program that sends a SQL query to a database and displays the result. A stub program can be provided.	12
Report file: Minimum 20 Python programs. Out of this at least 4 programs should send SQL commands to a database and retrieve the result	7
Project (that uses the concepts that have been learnt in Class 11 and 12)	8
Viva Voce	3

Download Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus 2020-21

CBSE Class 12 Home Science Syllabus 2020-21| Check Latest Exam Pattern

CBSE has released Class 12 Home Science Syllabus 2020-21 which will useful in knowing the topics that will be come in the examinations. This academic session due to coronavirus pandemic, the board has decided to reduce the syllabus. The theory will be of 70 marks while 30 marks will be given according to practical.

No.	Units	Marks
1	Work, Livelihood and Career	05
2	Nutrition, Food Science and Technology	23
3	Human Development and Family Studies	10
4	Fabric and Apparel	17
5	Resource Management	10
6	Communication and Extension	05
-	Total	70
-	Practical	30

Unit I:Work,livelihood and Career

Ch. Work, livelihood and Career

Unit II: Nutrition, Food Science and Technology

Ch. Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics
Ch. Public Nutrition and Health
Ch. Food Processing and Technology
Ch. Food Quality and Food Safety

Unit III: Human Development and Family Studies

Ch. Early Childhood Care and Education
Ch. Management of Support Services, Institutions and Programmes for Children, Youth and Elderly

Unit IV: Fabric and Apparel

Ch. Design for Fabric and Apparel
Ch. Fashion Design and Merchandising
Ch. Care and Maintenance of Fabrics in Institutions

Unit V: Resource management

Ch. Hospitality Management
Ch. Consumer Education and Protection

Unit VI: Communication and Extension

Ch. Development Communication and Journalism

Prescribed textbook:

Human Ecology and Family Sciences(For Class XII): Part I and Part II

Scheme for practical examination: 30 Marks

1. Project (5 marks)

2. Modification of any one family meal for elderly person. Preparing any one of the modified dish. (5 marks)

Development and preparation of any one supplementary food for preschooler (2-6 years) nutrition programme.

Planning a menu for school canteen and preparing any one nutritious dish.

3. Identify adulterant using chemical test in any one of the following- pure ghee, tea leaves, whole black pepper, turmeric powder, milk, asafoetida. (2 marks)

4. Prepare a sample using applied textile design techniques tie and dye/batik/block printing. (4 marks)

5. Remove any one of the stain from white cotton cloth –Ball pen, curry, grease, ink, lipstick, tea, coffee. (2 marks)

6. Develop a leaflet/pamphlet for Consumer Education and Protection on any one of the following- (5 marks)

a) Consumer Protection Act (CPA)

b) Consumer responsibilities

c) Consumer organization

d) Consumer Problems

7. File (5 marks)

8. Viva (2 marks)

Download Class 12 Home Science Syllabus 2020-21