Study Material and Notes of Ch 2 Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10th Science
Topics in the Chapter
• Introduction
• Properties of Acids
• Properties of Bases
• Types of Indicators and its properties
• Reaction of Acids and Bases with Metals
• Reaction of Acids with Metal Carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates
• Reaction of Acids and Bases with each other
• Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
• Reaction of a Non-metallic Oxide with Base
• Similarities between all Acids and all Bases
• Acid or Base in Water Solution
• Strength of Acids and Base solutions
• Importance of pH in everyday life
→ What is pH?
→ pH sensitivity of Animals and Plants
→ pH of the soil
→ pH in our digestive system
→ cause of tooth decay
→ Self defence by animals and plants through chemical warfare
→ pH of Salts
• Chemicals from Common Salt (NaCl)
→ Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
→ Bleaching Powder (CaOCl2)
→ Baking Soda (NaHCO3)
→ Washing Soda (Na2CO3.10H2O)
→ Plaster of Paris (CaSO4.½H2O)
• Water of Crystallization
Introduction
→ The sour and bitter tastes of food are due to acids and bases are present in them.
→ Acids are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red.
→ Litmus solution is a purple dye, which is extracted from lichen. When the litmus solution is neither acidic nor basic, its colour is purple.
→ Other natural materials like red cabbage leaves, turmeric, coloured petals of some flowers such as Hydrangea, Petunia and Geranium, which indicate the presence of acid or base in a solution.
Properties of Acids
• The term ‘acid’ has been derived from the Latin word, 'acidus' which means sour.
• Acids have sour taste.
• They turn blue litmus solution red.
• They give H+ ions in aqueous solution.
Strong Acids: HCl, H2 SO4 , HNO3
Weak Acids: CH3COOH, Oxalic acid, Lactic acid
Concentrated Acids: More amount of acid + Less amount of water
Dilute Acids: More amount of water + Less amount of acid
Properties of Bases
• These are the substances which are bitter in taste and soapy in touch.
• They turn red litmus solution blue.
• They give OH- ions in aqueous solution.
Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2
Weak Bases: NH4OH
Alkalis: These are bases which are soluble in water. Examples: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2.
Types of Indicators and its properties
Indicators: Substances which change their colour/smell in different types of substances (like acids and bases).
Types of Indicators:
(i) Natural indicators
(ii) Synthetic indicators
(iii) Olfactory indicators
(i) Natural indicators: Found in nature in plants. Examples: Litmus, red cabbage leaves extract, flowers of hydrangea plant, turmeric.
(ii) Synthetic indicators: These are chemical substances. Examples: Methyl orange, phenolphthalein.
(iii) Olfactory indicators: These substances have different odour in acid and bases.
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• Reaction of Acids and Bases with Metals
Go Back to Class 10 Science Notes
• Introduction
• Properties of Acids
• Properties of Bases
• Types of Indicators and its properties
• Reaction of Acids and Bases with Metals
• Reaction of Acids with Metal Carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates
• Reaction of Acids and Bases with each other
• Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
• Reaction of a Non-metallic Oxide with Base
• Similarities between all Acids and all Bases
• Acid or Base in Water Solution
• Strength of Acids and Base solutions
• Importance of pH in everyday life
→ What is pH?
→ pH sensitivity of Animals and Plants
→ pH of the soil
→ pH in our digestive system
→ cause of tooth decay
→ Self defence by animals and plants through chemical warfare
→ pH of Salts
• Chemicals from Common Salt (NaCl)
→ Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
→ Bleaching Powder (CaOCl2)
→ Baking Soda (NaHCO3)
→ Washing Soda (Na2CO3.10H2O)
→ Plaster of Paris (CaSO4.½H2O)
• Water of Crystallization
Introduction
→ The sour and bitter tastes of food are due to acids and bases are present in them.
→ Acids are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red.
→ Litmus solution is a purple dye, which is extracted from lichen. When the litmus solution is neither acidic nor basic, its colour is purple.
→ Other natural materials like red cabbage leaves, turmeric, coloured petals of some flowers such as Hydrangea, Petunia and Geranium, which indicate the presence of acid or base in a solution.
Properties of Acids
• The term ‘acid’ has been derived from the Latin word, 'acidus' which means sour.
• Acids have sour taste.
• They turn blue litmus solution red.
• They give H+ ions in aqueous solution.
Strong Acids: HCl, H2 SO4 , HNO3
Weak Acids: CH3COOH, Oxalic acid, Lactic acid
Concentrated Acids: More amount of acid + Less amount of water
Dilute Acids: More amount of water + Less amount of acid
Properties of Bases
• These are the substances which are bitter in taste and soapy in touch.
• They turn red litmus solution blue.
• They give OH- ions in aqueous solution.
Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2
Weak Bases: NH4OH
Alkalis: These are bases which are soluble in water. Examples: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2.
Types of Indicators and its properties
Indicators: Substances which change their colour/smell in different types of substances (like acids and bases).
Types of Indicators:
(i) Natural indicators
(ii) Synthetic indicators
(iii) Olfactory indicators
(i) Natural indicators: Found in nature in plants. Examples: Litmus, red cabbage leaves extract, flowers of hydrangea plant, turmeric.
(ii) Synthetic indicators: These are chemical substances. Examples: Methyl orange, phenolphthalein.
(iii) Olfactory indicators: These substances have different odour in acid and bases.
• Reaction of Acids and Bases with Metals
Go Back to Class 10 Science Notes